Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces Understanding and Cont
Success or failure of biomaterials, whether tissue engineered constructs, joint and dental implants, vascular grafts, or heart valves, depends on molecular-level events that determine subsequent responses of cells and tissues. This book presents the lates
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Investigating Protein Adsorption via Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
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Maria F. Mora, Jennifer L. Wehmeyer, Ron Synowicki, and Carlos D. Garcia
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In this chapter, the basic concepts behind ellipsometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry are discussed along with some instrument details. Ellipsometry is an optical technique that measures changes in the reflectance and phase difference between the parallel (RP) and perpendicular (RS) components of a polarized light beam upon reflection from a surface. Aside from providing a simple, sensitive, and nondestructive way to analyze thin films, ellipsometry allows dynamic studies of film growth (thickness and optical constants) with a time resolution that is relevant to biomedical research. The present chapter intends to introduce ellipsometry as an emerging but highly promising technique, that is useful to elucidate the interactions of proteins with solid surfaces. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on experimental details related to the development of biomedically relevant conjugated surfaces. Results from our group related to adsorption of proteins to nanostructured materials, as well as results published by other research groups, are discussed to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the technique.
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Abbreviations and Symbols
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G dG/dt D l y AFM BSA CNT
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Adsorbed amount Adsorption rate Phase difference Wavelength Amplitude Atomic force microscopy Bovine serum albumin Carbon nanotubes
M.F. Mora and C.D. Garcia • Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA J.L. Wehmeyer • Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA R. Synowicki • J. A. Woollam Co., Inc, 645 M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
19 D.A. Puleo and R. Bizios (eds.), Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-98161-1_2, © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009
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28 d 29 DAAO 30 DC 31 DNA 32 EMA 33 Fib 34 HSA 35 IEP 36 k 37 n 38 RP 39 RS 40 SDS 41 SE 42 t
M.F. Mora et al.
Thickness D-amino acid oxidase Direct current Deoxyribonucleic acid Effective medium approximation Fibrinogen Human serum albumin Isoelectric point Extinction coefficient Refractive index Parallel component of polarized light beam Perpendicular component of polarized light beam Sodium dodecyl sulfate Spectroscopic ellipsometry Time
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2.1. Introduction
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Interaction of proteins with material surfaces is a common but rather complicated phenomenon [1]. One of the most remarkable consequences of this interaction is that materials coated with biomolecules display the properties of the adsorbed protein layer, rather than the material itself [2]. Consequently, understanding the protein adsorption phenomena is critical for the rational design of biologically active composites with sensing, biological, and electronic functions. Am
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