Chromosome doubling methods in doubled haploid and haploid inducer-mediated genome-editing systems in major crops
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REVIEW
Chromosome doubling methods in doubled haploid and haploid inducer‑mediated genome‑editing systems in major crops Isidre Hooghvorst1,2 · Salvador Nogués1 Received: 8 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The doubled haploid technique aims to generate pure inbred lines for basic research and as commercial cultivars. The doubled haploid technique first generates haploid plants and is followed by chromosome doubling, which can be separated in time or overlapped, depending the procedure for each species. For a long time, much effort has been focused on haploid production via androgenesis, gynogenesis, or parthenogenesis. The obtention of haploid plants has frequently required more optimization and has lagged behind research and improvements in chromosome doubling methods. Nevertheless, chromosome doubling has recently been of renewed interest to increase the rates and efficiency of doubled haploid plant production through trialing and optimizing of different procedures. New antimitotic compounds and application methods are being studied to ensure the success of chromosome doubling once haploid material has been regenerated. Moreover, a haploid inducer-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system is a breakthrough method in the production of haploid plant material and could be of great importance for species where traditional haploid regeneration methods have not been successful, or for recalcitrant species. In all cases, the new deployment of this system will demand a suitable chromosome doubling protocol. In this review, we explore the existing doubled haploid and chromosome doubling methods to identify opportunities to enhance the breeding process in major crops. Keywords Doubled haploid · Androgenesis · Gynogenesis · Parthenogenesis · Haploid inducer · CRISPR/Cas9 · Chromosome doubling · Antimitotic
Introduction Plant breeding has attempted over many decades to increase crop yield and improve cultivar traits. The purpose of plant breeding is to boost agronomical traits such as: disease and insect resistance; tolerance to abiotic stresses like drought, extremes of temperature and salinity; and to increase yield while at the same time, enhancing or maintaining nutritional quality.
Communicated by Wusheng Liu. * Isidre Hooghvorst [email protected] 1
Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Rocalba S.A., c/Barcelona 15 PO BOX 156, 17002 Girona, Spain
2
Conventional breeding by backcrossing is a method to improve an elite line by adding a new trait. By crossing the elite line with a donor line, carrying the trait of interest, an F1 hybrid is obtained and backcrossed with the elite line again. The subsequent offspring is recurrently backcrossed with the elite line again, until the 5th–8th generations. The final backcrossed line contains the new trait of interest and the characteristics of the elite line, and the genotyp
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