Circadian rhythm effect on military physical fitness and field training: a narrative review
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REVIEW
Circadian rhythm effect on military physical fitness and field training: a narrative review Reza Sabzevari Rad1 · Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini2 · Hossein Shirvani1 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Disruption of the circadian rhythm also has significant influences on the exercise function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the effects of circadian rhythm on physical fitness and athletic performance in military personnel. Methodology An online search was done in web of science (WoS), Ovid, Scopus and PubMed (MeSH) databases with the following combination of keywords: “chronobiology” AND “performance of military” AND “exercise”. Results A total of articles were identified, physical fitness and sport performance of military forces is severely affected by the science of chronobiology and 24-h circadian rhythm. In humans, these articles showed circadian rhythm with affects on performance of various organs in the body, such that the body temperature, heart rate, hormonal secretion, electrolyte excretion, blood pressure, plasma tyrosine concentrations, free amino acids, cholesterol production and even behavior can affect physical fitness and athletic performance in the military force. Conclusions Based on the analyzed articles, it is concluded that circadian rhythm has a significant effect on exercise performance, aerobic and anaerobic power, muscular endurance and flexibility, and hormonal secretion. For this reason, it is recommended to the organizers of the competitions and coaches should take into consideration the effects of circadian rhythm on the athletic performance of the military, the scheduling of competitions and exercises. Keywords Chronobiology · Circadian rhythm · Military forces · Physical fitness · Exercise performance
Introduction One of the essential factors for the military personnel in each country is having high level in physical fitness and exercise performance, especially in sport fields [1]. Therefore, the main goal of physical fitness in individuals is to improve the practical capabilities of military athletes to reach the peak of performance and position on the championship platform [2]. Physical fitness includes intrinsic and acquired characteristics and is associated with factors such as muscle strength, muscular power, muscular endurance, and cardio respiratory * Hossein Shirvani [email protected] 1
Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Nosrati Alley, Sheikh Bahaei Street, Mollasadra Street, Vanak Square, Post Box 19395‑5487, Tehran, Iran
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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endurance [3]. Given that the military forces play a crucial role in defending the borders and preserving territorial integrity, they have to reach the desired level of physical fitness to carry out these missions thr
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