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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Citric acid crosslinked chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) composite nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning and thermal treatment for controlled drug release Guiying Xing . Linjun Shao

. Yijun Du . Hongyu Tao . Chenze Qi

Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract A nontoxic multicarboxylic acid (critic acid) was incorporated into the chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) composite nanofibers by electrospinning. Critic acid was used to crosslink the chitosan molecules inside the composite nanofibers at elevated temperature, which were characterized by FT-IR and XPS analyses. By increasing the critic acid loading and annealing temperature, the solvent resistance and mechanical properties of these composite nanofibers could be significantly improved. Aspirin, a model drug, has been incorporated into the composite nanofibers and the corresponding drug release performances in PBS solution were evaluated. With the increasing of annealing temperature, the drug release rate of the composite nanofibers was decreasing, which could be ascribed to the reduced swelling ratio and concentration of free volume holes in composite nanofibers. Moreover, the cumulative released aspirin

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03562-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. G. Xing School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China L. Shao (&)  Y. Du  H. Tao  C. Qi Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China e-mail: [email protected]

amount in certain release time could be finely tuned by adjusting the initial aspirin loading in the composite nanofibers. Keywords Chitosan nanofiber  Electrospinning  Free volume  Drug carrier  Controlled drug release

Introduction The development of new drug delivery system has been on the rise to accommodate therapeutic requirement for decades (Chen et al. 2008; Hamedi et al. 2018; Wei et al. 2020). A large number of natural and synthetic polymers, such as collagen, gelatin, chitosan and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), have been fabricated into various forms (e.g., hydrogels, microspheres, nanoparticles, and films) as the suitable scaffolds to minimize the potential side effect, maximize therapeutic efficacy and simply use (Chen et al. 2020; Kaczmarek and Sionkowska 2017; Kowalewska et al. 2017; Sami et al. 2017; Lal et al. 2017; Yu et al. 2017). Among them, chitosan (CS) holds great potential as drug carriers due to the intrinsically enticing properties such as antibacterial activity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. (Kim et al. 2007; Xing 2013; Wei et al. 2020; Hamedi et al. 2018). Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique for generating ultra-long and continuous nano- to

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micro-scale fibers. The electrospun fibers have received great attention in