Cladocillium musae , a new genus and species of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) on wild banana in Taiwan
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cladocillium musae, a new genus and species of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) on wild banana in Taiwan Chun-Hao Chen 1 & Sung-Yuan Hsieh 2 & Yu-Hung Yeh 3 & Roland Kirschner 3 Received: 26 May 2020 / Revised: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A dematiaceous hyphomycete with erect unbranched conidiophore stipes and Cladosporium-like branched conidial chains arranged at nodes along the stipe was found on living leaves of wild banana (Musa itinerans) in Taiwan. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a type of conidiogenous loci differing from that of Cladosporium by lacking the cleft between raised center and margin. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of several loci (LSU, ITS, TEF, RPB2) indicated a relationship with cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae). Since there is no other known lineage with similar morphology or DNA sequences, the new genus and species Cladocillium musae is proposed. Keywords Ascomycota . Biodiversity . Capnodiales . Dothideomycetes . Plant pathogenic fungi . Musa
Introduction Within the last 100 years, the most important epidemic banana disease fungi were Mycosphaerella musicola (yellow sigatoka disease) followed by Pseudocercospora fijiensis (also known under the teleomorph name Mycosphaerella fijiensis) (black sigatoka disease), and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). These diseases reduce the fruit production and cause premature ripening of fruits. Ca. 30% production costs are spent to prevention and control of sigatoka diseases (Marín et al. 2003). The impact of FOC leads to the replacement of the banana cultivar Gros Michel by the
Section Editor: Gerhard Rambold Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01595-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Roland Kirschner [email protected] 1
Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, 320 Taoyuan City, Taiwan
2
Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
3
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
less tasty cultivar Cavendish worldwide in the 1960s (Ploetz 1994). Presently, two further major emerging fungal pathogens pose a risk to and loss in the global banana market, viz., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Phyllosticta species (Ploetz 1994). Different species, subspecies, cultivars, and hybrids of Musaceae are native to Taiwan or have been introduced as ornamental or food plants. Banana cultivars were introduced from Fujian Province of mainland China to Taiwan during the seventeenth century. During the Japanese rule in Taiwan between 1895 and 1945, banana growing gained economic importance (Pan 2014). Wild bananas in Taiwan are mainly different varieties of Musa itinerans Cheesman (Chiu et al. 2011).
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