Clinical and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Clinical and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19 Yu Zhang1†, Ru-Ming Xie2†, Yu-Lin He3, Li-Hong Xing1, Li Dong4, Jian-Zhong Zhang5, Wei-Hong Xing6, Xiao-Yan Lv7, Yi-Bo Lu8, Qiang Liu9, Ling-Bo Lin10, Gui-Zeng Liu11, Li Li12, Pan Li13, Yuan-Zhong Xie14, Zhi-Yu Ni1, Xiao-Ping Yin1*, Hong-Jun Li12* and Bu-Lang Gao1
Abstract Background: Pediatric COVID-19 is relatively mild and may vary from that in adults. This study was to investigate the epidemic, clinical, and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Forty-one children infected with COVID-19 were analyzed in the epidemic, clinical and imaging data. Results: Among 30 children with mild COVID-19, seven had no symptoms, fifteen had low or mediate fever, and eight presented with cough, nasal congestion, diarrhea, headache, or fatigue. Among eleven children with moderate COVID-19, nine presented with low or mediate fever, accompanied with cough and runny nose, and two had no symptoms. Significantly (P < 0.05) more children had a greater rate of cough in moderate than in mild COVID-19. Thirty children with mild COVID-19 were negative in pulmonary CT imaging, whereas eleven children with moderate COVID-19 had pulmonary lesions, including ground glass opacity in ten (90.9%), patches of high density in six (54.5%), consolidation in three (27.3%), and enlarged bronchovascular bundles in seven (63.6%). The lesions were distributed along the bronchus in five patients (45.5%). The lymph nodes were enlarged in the pulmonary hilum in two patients (18.2%). The lesions were presented in the right upper lobe in two patients (18.1%), right middle lobe in one (9.1%), right lower lobe in six (54.5%), left upper lobe in five (45.5%), and left lower lobe in eight (72.7%). Conclusions: Children with COVID-19 have mild or moderate clinical and imaging presentations. A better understanding of the clinical and CT imaging helps ascertaining those with negative nucleic acid and reducing misdiagnosis rate for those with atypical and concealed symptoms. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Novel coronavirus pneumonia, Children, Imaging, Epidemic
Background The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which broke out in December, 2019, has now become a pandemic worldwide, * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Yu Zhang and Ru-Ming Xie contributed equally to this work. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China 12 Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
affecting millions of people [1–7]. Since its breakout, the disease has been managed as one of class A infectious diseases. Class A infectious diseases indicate a class of diseases with the most infectiousness which will be treated using the most severe measures: detecting and man
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