Clinical and radiological characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19: focus on imaging findings
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Clinical and radiological characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID‑19: focus on imaging findings Afshin Mohammadi1 · Iraj Mohebbi2 · Kamal khademvatani3 · Habibollah Pirnejad4 · Javad Mirza‑Aghazadeh2 · Naser Gharebaghi5 · Ali Abbasian Ardakani6 · Mohammad Mirza‑Aghazadeh‑Attari7,8 Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 © Japan Radiological Society 2020
Abstract Purpose CT imaging has been a detrimental tool in the diagnosis of COVID-19, but it has not been studied thoroughly in pediatric patients and its role in diagnosing COVID-19. Methods 27 pediatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. CT examination and molecular assay tests were performed from all participants. A standard checklist was utilized to extract information, and two radiologists separately reviewed the CT images. Results The mean age of patients was 4.7 ± 4.16 (mean ± SD) years. Seventeen patients were female, and ten were male. The most common imaging finding was ground-glass opacities followed by consolidations. Seven patients had a single area of involvement, five patients had multiple areas of involvement, and four patients had diffuse involvement. The sensitivity of CT imaging in diagnosing infections was 66.67%. Also, some uncommon imaging findings were seen, such as a tree-inbud and lung collapse. Conclusion CT imaging shows less involvement in pediatric compared to adult patients, due to pediatric patients having a milder form of the disease. CT imaging also has a lower sensitivity in detecting abnormal lungs compared to adult patients. The most common imaging findings are ground-glass opacities and consolidations, but other non-common imaging findings also exist. Keywords Coronavirus infections · Pediatrics · Tomography · X-ray computed · COVID-19 · SARS-CoV-2
* Mohammad Mirza‑Aghazadeh‑Attari [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
2
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
3
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
4
Health Information Technology Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
5
Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
6
Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
7
Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
8
Medical Radiation Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Daneshgah Blvd, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Introduction The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause viral pneumonia coupled with lower respiratory tract symptoms and systemic symptoms [1]. Initial studies suggested that the immune system plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus and children are not severely affected by a coronavirus [2, 3]. Other studies suggested that althou
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