Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review Hossein Sarmadian1 • Zahra Nasiri2 • Sahar Saeedinia2 • Yousef Moradi3 Babak Eshrati4 • Reza Ghasemikhah5 • Mahnaz khamseh2 • Mohadeseh Mohammad Salehi2 • Mina Zamani2
•
Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to collect data and provide information on clinical diagnosis of disease, methods of dissemination, prevention and treatment of human linguatuliasis in order to increase people’s awareness and health care. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc) and reviewed. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in English between the years 1980–2018. An individual researcher undertook the bibliographic search and evaluation of articles based on inclusion/exclusion of specific criteria. Cases of infection have been reported in eight provinces of Iran. Dietary habits play the important roles in the transmission of the parasite. Clinical diagnosis was achieved by obtaining a patient’s history, then completing a clinical examination of the mentioned patients. Symptoms of infection were mainly observed in the upper respiratory tract in most reports, the patient’s status was improved by removing the parasite & Reza Ghasemikhah [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Infectious Diseases, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
2
Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
3
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
from the infected organ. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. Accordingly, it is very important to train the employees working in the slaughterhouses and the people who consume these organs. Keywords Linguatula serrata Iran Human Linguatulosis Abbreviations SID Scientific Information Database PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses
Introduction Linguatulosis is a rare zoonotic parasitic disease resulting from invasion of the body by wormlike parasites of the genus Linguatula (Oluwasina et al. 2014). The life cycle of this Parasite consists of four stages: eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. The adult form lives in the upper respiratory
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