Clinical Supervision of International Supervisees: Suggestions for Multicultural Supervision
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Clinical Supervision of International Supervisees: Suggestions for Multicultural Supervision Ahram Lee 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract An increase of international students in various settings has been noted in a range of disciplines including counseling and other mental health professions. The author examined the literature on international counseling students related to their experiences in counseling training, particularly in supervision. From the counseling literature, five different themes were identified: (i) acculturation and cultural difference, (ii) language barriers, (iii) social isolation, (iv) cultural perceptions of the profession and transferability, and (v) multicultural discussions. In addition, a critical lens is provided to situate the literature through a holistic and ecological perspective. Keywords International counseling students . Supervision . Multiculturalism . Internationalization of counseling
Introduction Over the last decade, there has been a gradual growth of international students arriving in the United States for their education and of U.S. students participating in study abroad opportunities (Institution of International Education, 2015). The internationalization of the counseling profession has gained attention in different areas, such as advocating for advancing the profession in a global context and developing accessibility of counseling training for international students (Gerstein et al. 2012; Ng and Noonan 2012). According to Ng (2006b), as of the Spring of 2004, at least 41% of CACREP-accredited programs had at least one international student in their master’s program and at least 53.3% of CACREP programs had an international student in their doctoral program.
* Ahram Lee [email protected]
1
Department of Counseling and Human Services, Syracuse University, Sims Hall, 4th Floor, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
Int J Adv Counselling
As the international student group is in essence a heterogeneous group, individuals will have their own personal experiences as they seek to translate counseling skills across cultures as a part of their training. However, regardless of the level of success in handling such issues, counselor educators report distinctive challenges of international counseling students in regard to language and cultural adjustments (Ng 2006a). Although clinical supervision can provide professional and practical support in their journey towards becoming professional counselors, their distinctive needs and challenges have been largely overlooked as a part of multicultural training (Bernard and Goodyear 2014; Bernard and Luke 2015). This literature review provides an overview of studies on this population in counseling and related disciplines, and provides a critical examination with implications for clinical supervision in particular.
Findings from the Literature Acculturation and Cultural Difference It is notable that international students’ acculturation is a popular construct that has been studied related to clinical supervision. Nilsson and An
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