Co-ingestion of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and High-Intensity Exercise Performance
- PDF / 590,064 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 14 Downloads / 201 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Co-ingestion of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and High-Intensity Exercise Performance Alireza Naderi1 • Conrad P. Earnest2 • Ryan P. Lowery3 • Jacob M. Wilson3 Mark E. T. Willems4
•
Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
Abstract Many sports involve repeated bouts of highintensity exercise. High-intensity exercise is compromised, however, by the early onset of exercise-induced fatigue. Metabolic by-products, ion dysbalance and amount of phosphocreatine are considered the main peripheral causes of fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Intake of nutritional ergogenic aids is commonplace to enhance performance of high-intensity exercise by offsetting the potential mechanisms of fatigue. Creatine, probably one of the best known nutritional aids to enhance performance of highintensity exercise, has convincingly substantiated its ergogenic potential. Although multi-ingredient supplements are now common, the justification for effectiveness is mostly based on observations with single intake of those ingredients. In this narrative review, the main focus is on the evidence of the effect of co-ingestion of ergogenic aids on performance of high intensity exercise for which the single intake has shown beneficial effects on high-intensity performance.
& Mark E. T. Willems [email protected] 1
Department of Sport Physiology, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
2
Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
3
Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, 318 N Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
4
Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, UK
Key Points Studies on effects of co-ingestion of nutritional ergogenic aids are more prevalent. Co-ingestion of some ergogenic aids may improve high-intensity exercise performance. Sports nutritionists must have awareness of effects of co-ingestion of nutritional ergogenic aids to better advise athletes.
1 Introduction Many sports include activities with high-intensity exercise (HIE) over a sustained period, for example, in sprint and middle distance running, or with short repeated bursts of HIE interspersed with periods of low-intensity exercise in team sports such as soccer, handball and basketball [1]. During HIE, energy is mainly supplied by phosphocreatine (PCr), the anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrate (CHO) in addition to the aerobic breakdown of substrates (in a range of 30–90 %) [2]. Both aerobic and anaerobic processes of substrate breakdown are limited by the rate (power) and amount (capacity) of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production [1]. High-energy phosphate stores and the maximal amount of lactate/proton production in skeletal muscle are identified as important factors for the capacity of the anaerobic energy system [1]. Such capacity can be enhanced by the consumption of some ergogenic aids such as creatine, b-alanine and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) [1]. It is the duration and type of exercise
Data Loading...
