Cobalt Nanoparticles Modified Single-Walled Titanium Carbonitride Nanotube Derived from Solid-Solid Separation for Oxyge
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Cobalt Nanoparticles Modified Single-Walled Titanium Carbonitride Nanotube Derived from Solid-Solid Separation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution Sefiu Abolaji Rasaki 1,2,3 & Zhangwei Chen 1 & Hangjia Shen 3 & Haichuan Guo 3 & Tiju Thomas 4 & Minghui Yang 3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Titanium carbonitrides have promising catalytic properties for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, its synthesis normally requires high temperatures (1200–1800 °C), thus limiting research carried-out on them. The catalytic properties of the carbonitrides have so far been improved through post-synthesis partial surface oxidation. This makes the entire process of making the desired catalyst cumbersome and complex. In this work, cobalt-modified single-walled titanium carbonitride nanotube ([email protected]) is synthesized via solvothermal method followed by solid-solid separation process. The problem of high temperature required for TiCN synthesis is successfully overcome, and a Co doping strategy is used to improve its catalytic performance. Different mass ratios of Co nanoparticles are loaded onto TiC0.25N0.75. It discovers that only a fraction of the Co dissolves at TiC0.25N0.75 lattice due to the solubility limit being ~ 0.98%. The remaining fraction of Co is found at the wall of the TiC0.25N0.75. The Co nanoparticles at the TiC0.25N0.75 wall complement the catalytic activity, while the dissolved Co at its lattice acts as active site modifier by increasing the proportion of Ti 2p3/2 in the low valence state. In alkaline solution, 10%[email protected] shows appreciable ORR activity with onset and half-wave potential located at 0.85 and 0.73 V respectively; the performance is higher than that of TiN (0.69 and 0.55 V) and single-phase TiC0.25N0.75 (0.74 and 0.62 V). The results indicate that a charge transfer occurred between Co and TiC0.25N0.75 due to strong coupling effect. This gives a catalyst with appreciable ORR activity and stability.
Keywords Single-walled titanium carbonitride . Oxygen reduction reaction catalysts . Cobalt nanoparticles . Alkaline solution . Solid-solid separation synthesis method Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-020-00614-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tiju Thomas [email protected] * Minghui Yang [email protected] 1
Additive Manufacturing Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2
Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
3
Solid State functional Materials Research Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
Introduction Fuel cells and metal-air batteries have been proposed as the devices that have direct releva
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