Antibacterial effect of Blumea balsamifera DC. essential oil against Haemophilus parasuis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Antibacterial effect of Blumea balsamifera DC. essential oil against Haemophilus parasuis Changliang He1,2 · Peiyi Yang1,2 · Lu Wang3 · Xiaolin Jiang1,2 · Wei Zhang1,2 · Xiaoxia Liang1,2 · Lizi Yin1,2 · Zhongqiong Yin1,2 · Yi Geng4 · Zhijun Zhong5 · Xu Song1,2 · Yuanfeng Zou1,2 · Lixia Li1,2 · Cheng Lv1,2 Received: 16 August 2019 / Revised: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis), the cause of the Glasser’s disease, is a potentially pathogenic gram-negative organism that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of pigs. The extraction of Blumea balsamifera DC., as a traditional Chinese herb, has shown great bacteriostatic effect against several common bacteria. To study the antibacterial effect on H. parasuis in vitro, this study evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Blumea balsamifera DC. essential oil (BBO) as well as morphological changes in H. parasuis treated with it. Furthermore, changes in expression of total protein and key virulence factors were also assessed. Results showed that the MIC and MBC were 0.625 and 1.25 μg/mL, respectively. As the concentration of BBO increased, the growth curve inhibition became stronger. H. parasuis cells were damaged severely after treatment with BBO for 4 h, demonstrating plasmolysis and enlarged vacuoles, along with broken cell walls and membranes. Total protein and virulence factor expression in H. parasuis was significantly downregulated by BBO. Taken together, these results indicated a substantial antibacterial effect of BBO on H. parasuis. Keywords Haemophilus parasuis · Blumea balsamifera DC. · Essential oil · Antibacterial effect · In vitro
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Changliang He and Peiyi Yang contributed equally to this work. * Changliang He [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road No. 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
2
Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
3
Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio‑Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
5
Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Abbreviations H. parasuis Haemophilus parasuis BBO Blumea balsamifera DC. essential oil S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus E. coli Escherichia coli B. cereus Bacillus cereus MIC Minimum inhibi
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