Colon cancer cells adhesion on polymeric nanostructured surfaces
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Research Letter
Colon cancer cells adhesion on polymeric nanostructured surfaces Angelo Accardo, LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, Toulouse, F-31400, France Victoria Shalabaeva and Rosanna La Rocca, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy Address all correspondence to Angelo Accardo at [email protected] (Received 7 November 2017; accepted 28 November 2017)
Abstract In this work, we report on the adhesion of HCT116 (human colon carcinoma cells) cultured on nanofibrillar polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and SU-8 micropillars substrates. Both surfaces enabled a good cell proliferation and promoted the formation of adherent interconnections with the fabricated nano- and microstructures. The three-dimensional immunofluorescence confocal characterization of the cells on nanotextured PMMA highlighted the expression of well-spread F-actin cytoskeletal networks as well as the presence of focal adhesions. This study provides thus interesting perspectives for further investigations on the force/adhesion mechanisms related to cancer cell growth and proliferation.
Polymeric materials have been widely used in the last decade to investigate several biologic subjects such as protein adsorption[1] and conformational changes,[2,3] peptide amyloid fibrillation,[4] cancer biomarkers,[5] cell membrane vesicles discrimination[6] as well as cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation.[7–9] In the case of cancer cells, there is a continuous quest for tools able to extrapolate discrimination factors, which could be hidden in the mechanical characteristics[10] of cell external membranes and their adhesion properties. Some studies highlighted an enhancement in adhesion and proliferation of cells correlated to an increase in surface roughness.[11] Here we present some morphological and immunofluorescence investigations on human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116)[12,13] cultured on polymeric micro- and nanostructured biomimetic substrates. The two fabricated surfaces, inspired by the natural features of Lotus leaves,[2,5] were made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA),[4] a fully biocompatible material, and SU-8, a photosensitive resist widely used in optical lithography for the development of lab on chip devices.[14] Among the available techniques, a very effective approach to nanotexture polymeric surfaces is the use of plasma etching.[15] The first kind of surface presented here included the texturing of flat PMMA sheets [Fig. 1(a)] by means of a one-step plasma oxygen approach using a Sentech ICP-RIE (inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etch) system, which allows to process several substrates at the same time. We used a 10 min plasma process at ambient temperature (21 °C) with a chamber pressure of 6.5 Pa, an ICP power of 100 W, a radiofrequency (RF) power of 50 W and an O2 flux of 30 sccm. The morphology resulted in highly oriented fibrils as shown in Fig. 1(b). The second type of surface included both an optical lithography process and a plasma
roughening one to create a dense micropillars t
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