The Anticancer Properties of Artemisia aucheri Boiss Extract on HT29 Colon Cancer Cells
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Anticancer Properties of Artemisia aucheri Boiss Extract on HT29 Colon Cancer Cells Alaa Naseer Mohammad Ali 1 & Noor Al-Huda Ali A. H. Saeed 1 & Hadeel Abdulhadi Omear 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and efforts toward its treatment have not been completely successful. In recent years, more attention has been focused on herbal medicine (HM) due to their anticancer and cytotoxic properties. This study investigated the anticancer and antioxidant effects of Artemisia aucheri (A. aucheri) Boiss extract against HT29 colon cancer cells compared with HEK239 natural cells. Methods This study was performed on human HT29 colon cancer cells. Various doses of 0, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of A. aucheri extract were subjected to cells at specified time intervals. After treatment, the trypan blue test was employed to determine the viability of the cells. MTT and annexin tests were used to determine cell viability and the apoptosis induced by the extract. Malondialdehyde (MDA) testing was applied to investigate the antioxidant properties of the extract on fatty acids. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. One-way ANOVA and paired comparison tests were employed for data analysis. Results The highest cytotoxicity effect of A. aucheri extract was observed at 1000 μg/ml (80.63 ± 3.66) being dose-dependent compared with the control in both cell lines (p < 0.001). Additionally, the survival rate of HT29 (IC50 = 57.88 μg/ml) and HEK (IC50 = 295 μg/ml) cancer cells decreased with increasing concentration of A. aucheri (the lowest cell viability was at 1000 μg/ml). Furthermore, the induction of membrane lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in HT29 compared with the control (p < 0.001). Another cytotoxic mechanism for the extract was the induction of apoptosis being significantly higher in HT29 colon cancer cells compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Cytotoxic effects of A. aucheri extract were dose-dependent. This HM exerted cytotoxic effects against HT29 cells through the induction of membrane lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Keywords Artemisia aucheri . Anticancer effects . Cytotoxicity . HT29 cell line
Introduction Colon cancer is the second and third most common cancer among men and women, respectively [1]. The treatment of colon cancer varies depending on the location of the tumor. One of the most common approaches for treating colon cancer includes tumor removal using surgical approaches combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The most common chemotherapy regimen comprises application of 5-flourouracil
* Alaa Naseer Mohammad Ali [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Biology Department, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
and oxaliplatin [2]. Despite many advances in screening and treatment of colon cancer in recent years, no treatment has been found for metastatic col
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