Colorectal Cancer Screening Quality and Benchmarks
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of quality metrics and methods used to improve quality for all major modalities of CRC screening. It introduces the readers to the evidence of effectiveness behind various CRC screening modalities: stool-based
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Aasma Shaukat • John I. Allen Editors
Colorectal Cancer Screening Quality and Benchmarks
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Editors Aasma Shaukat Department of Gastroenterology Minneapolis VA Medical Center Minneapolis Minnesota USA
John I. Allen Section of Digestive Disease Department of Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
ISBN 978-1-4939-2332-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-2333-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2333-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956665 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science + Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dr. Shaukat: I would like to thank my husband Dan for his love and endless support, and my children Myra and Rayaan for their patience Dr. Allen: I would like to thank my wife Carolyn, and my children Jennifer and Joshua
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Foreword
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening originated from the work of Dukes at St. Marks Hospital in London in the 1930s who developed a staging system for CRC and observed that survival correlated with early stage diagnosis and treatment. He and Lockhart-Mummery, unbeknownst to them at the time, also provided the basis for today’s CRC screening goals of detecting both curable CRC and preexisting adenomas by demonstrating the link between the two. These concepts were challenged for decades until FOBT randomized trials showed that CRC screening reduced CRC mortality, the colonoscope was introduced into clinical practice, colonoscopic polypectomy was shown to be feasible, and CRC incidence was observed to be reduced by colonoscopic polypectomy. This amazing series of developments, beginning in the 1970s, culminated in 2012 with the report of a reduced CRC mortality following colonoscopic polypectomy, which proved the concept of the polyp-cancer sequence and the effectiveness of screening for both CRC and adenomas. This resulted in the explosion of C
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