Combined Preparation of Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in the Therapy of Post-Traumatic Cysts of the Spinal Cord
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Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, No. 2, August, 2020
CELL TECHNOLOGIES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Combined Preparation of Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in the Therapy of Post-Traumatic Cysts of the Spinal Cord A. D. Voronova1, O. V. Stepanova1,4, M. P. Valikhov1,4, A. V. Chadin1, A. S. Semkina1, E. K. Karsuntseva1,2, G. A. Fursa1,2, I. V. Reshetov3, and V. P. Chekhonin1 Translated from Kletochnye Tekhnologii v Biologii i Meditsine, No. 2, pp. 79-83, June, 2020 Original article submitted December 2, 2019 In experiments on rats, co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells of the human olfactory mucosa and neural stem/progenitor cells from the same source into post-traumatic cysts of the spinal cord led to improvement of the motor activity of the hind limbs and reduced the size of the cysts in some animals by 4-12%. The transplantation of a combination of the olfactory mucosa cells is effective and can be used in preclinical trials for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. Key Words: neural stem/progenitor cells; olfactory ensheathing cells; human olfactory mucosa; cell therapy; post-traumatic cysts of spinal cord The treatment of traumatic injuries of the spinal cord remains a worldwide problem. More than 20 million people have been diagnosed with spinal cord injuries [7,9] and according to WHO data, the number of such patients annually increases by an average of 300,000. Spinal cord injuries lead to consequences that have a devastating effect on the health, duration and quality of life of patients. In particular, severe neuroinflammation develops in few hours after the damage and leads to oxidative stress, axon demyelination, and massive death of nerve cells [3]. In few weeks, inflammation in the area of injury decreases, but fluid-filled cystic cavities appear at the site of damage. Over time, the Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Mi nistry of Health of the Russian Federation; 2M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 3University Clinical Hospital No. 1, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); 4Depatrment of Neurohumoral and Immunological Studies, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. Address for correspondence: nastyanastyav@mail. ru. A. D. Voronova 1
cysts can increase in size, squeeze the spinal cord, and impair nerve impulse conduction and natural regeneration of the nerve tissue after damage [9]. Surgical removal of these cysts is low effective because they appear again, while drug therapy only alleviates the symptoms. Cell therapy is an actively developing trend in the treatment of spinal cord injuries, including post-traumatic cysts. Transplanted cells promote axon regeneration and replacement of lost neurons and decelerate degenerative processes after spinal cord injury through secretion of neurotrophic factors [10]. The olfactory mucosa
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