Combining photocatalytic process and biological treatment for Reactive Green 12 degradation: optimization, mineralizatio
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Combining photocatalytic process and biological treatment for Reactive Green 12 degradation: optimization, mineralization, and phytotoxicity with seed germination Hichem Zeghioud 1 & Nabila Khellaf 1 & Abdeltif Amrane 2 & Hayat Djelal 3 & Mohamed Bouhelassa 4 & Aymen Amine Assadi 2 & Sami Rtimi 5 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, we show that the combination of a photocatalytic process (as a pretreatment step) combined with the conventional biological treatment of wastewaters can improve the process and achieve satisfactory efficiency. In this context, Reactive Green 12 (RG-12) solutions were photocatalytically pretreated using TiO2-impregnated polyester as supported catalyst under UV light in batch reactor. Photocatalysis as pretreatment (during 4 and 8 h of irradiation) was combined with 7 days of aerobic biological treatment using activated sludge. As first assays, respiratory tests revealed that the removal of RG-12 was improved by 5.4% and 11.7% for the solutions that were irradiated for 4 and 8 h in the presence of TiO2, respectively. However, 34.5% and 19% of dye solution was discolored after 7 days of biological treatment for the pretreated solutions during 4 and 8 h of UV light exposure, respectively. The discoloration efficiency obtained by the combined processes achieved 59.6% and 74.9% for the samples under photocatalysis during 4 and 8 h, respectively. A significant decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of about 74.9% was achieved after photocatalysis/biodegradation processes. In addition, a decrease in the phytotoxicity was obtained as followed by the germination index (GI) values of cress seeds that increased from 46.2 to 88.7% after 8 h of photocatalysis and then to 92.8% after further 7 days of biological treatment. Keywords Reactive green 12 . Photocatalytic degradation . Wastewater biological treatment . Germination index
Introduction Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Aymen Amine Assadi [email protected] * Sami Rtimi [email protected] 1
Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Laboratory LOMOP, Badji Mokhtar University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
2
ENSCR, CNRS, UMR 6226, CS 50837, Université de Rennes 1, 35708 Rennes, France
3
UniLaSalle-Ecole des Métiers de l’Environnement, Campus de Ker Lann, 35170 Bruz, France
4
Faculty of Process Engineering, LIPE, Constantine University, Constantine, Algeria
5
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
The need for treatment of wastewaters is becoming imperative and indispensable for human life from day to another. Water purification played a role in the toxicity reduction of wastewater according to the international norms of aqueous effluents before discharging into the environment (WHO 2012). Many synthetic chemical products such as textile dyes are resistant to the available conventional biological treatment technologies (Rajeshwar and Ibanez 1997;
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