Comparative carcinogenicity study of a thick, straight-type and a thin, tangled-type multi-walled carbon nanotube admini
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Comparative carcinogenicity study of a thick, straight-type and a thin, tangled-type multi-walled carbon nanotube administered by intra-tracheal instillation in the rat Dina Mourad Saleh1,2,3†, William T. Alexander1†, Takamasa Numano1, Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed1,2,4, Sivagami Gunasekaran1,2, David B. Alexander1* , Mohamed Abdelgied1,2,5, Ahmed M. El-Gazzar1,2,6, Hiroshi Takase7, Jiegou Xu1,8, Aya Naiki-Ito2, Satoru Takahashi2, Akihiko Hirose9, Makoto Ohnishi10, Jun Kanno10 and Hiroyuki Tsuda1*
Abstract Background: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be divided into two general subtypes: tangled and straight. MWCN T-N (60 nm in diameter) and MWCNT-7 (80–90 nm in diameter) are straight-type MWCNTs, and similarly to asbestos, both are carcinogenic to the lung and pleura when administered to rats via the airway. Injection of straight-type MWCNTs into the peritoneal cavity also induces the development of mesothelioma, however, injection of tangled-type MWCNTs into the peritoneal cavity does not induce carcinogenesis. To investigate these effects in the lung we conducted a 2-year comparative study of the potential carcinogenicities of a straight-type MWCNT, MWCNT-A (approximately 150 nm in diameter), and a tangled-type MWCNT, MWCNT-B (7.4 nm in diameter) after administration into the rat lung. Crocidolite asbestos was used as the reference material, and rats administered vehicle were used as the controls. Test materials were administered by intra-Tracheal Intra-Pulmonary Spraying (TIPS) once a week over a 7 week period (8 administrations from day 1 to day 50), followed by a 2-year observation period without further treatment. Rats were administered total doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg MWCNT-A and MWCNT-B or 1.0 mg asbestos. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Dina Mourad Saleh and William T. Alexander contributed equally to this work. 1 Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 466-8603, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/
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