Comparative evaluation on the thermal properties and stability of MWCNT nanofluid with conventional surfactants and ioni
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Comparative evaluation on the thermal properties and stability of MWCNT nanofluid with conventional surfactants and ionic liquid Balaji Bakthavatchalam1 · Khairul Habib1 · Cecilia D. Wilfred2 · R. Saidur3 · Bidyut Baran Saha4 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Conventional surfactants such as CTAB (cetrimonium bromide), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate), SDBS (sodium dodecyl sulphonate) are combined with nanofluids to improve the stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. These nanofluids are mainly used for heat transfer applications where heating and cooling are usual courses of action which result in surfactants producing foams and polluting the heat transfer media, affecting the total system performance. Besides, the common surfactant molecules that augment the thermal resistance between the nanoparticles and base fluid also affect the thermophysical properties of the nanofluid. In this paper, [Bmim][Cl] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), a high purity ionic liquid (IL) with higher thermal stability was used to provide a comparative study on the stability and thermal properties with that of the conventional surfactants (CTAB, SDS, SDBS) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/propylene glycol (PG) nanofluid. The transient hot-wire based KD2-Pro and zeta potential results demonstrated that the inclusion of ionic liquid improved the thermal conductivity and stability of the formulated nanofluid. However, much like the conventional surfactants, the strong electrostatic repulsive force created by the ionic liquid was found to decrease when the temperature is increased. The outcome demonstrated the most extreme thermal conductivity upgrade of 33.7% at 303 K and maximum dispersion stability of more than one month without any aggregation for the nanofluid containing ionic liquid. Keywords Surfactants · Nanofluids · Ionic liquids · Stability · Thermal conductivity List of symbols Al2O3 Aluminium oxide Au Gold BmimCl 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride CTAB Cetrimonium bromide Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10374-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Khairul Habib [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
2
Department of Fundamental and Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
3
Research Centre for Nano‑Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
4
International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi‑Ku, Fukuoka‑shi, Fukuoka 819‑0395, Japan
EDX Energy-dispersive X-ray FESEM Field emission scanning electron microscope OD Outer diameter of MWCNTs FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscope h Heat transfer coef
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