Compared Biocompatibility of ZnTiO 3 , ZnO and TiO 2 Sol-Gel Films with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Compared Biocompatibility of ZnTiO3, ZnO and TiO2 Sol-Gel Films with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rosalía Delgado Carrascón1, Dario Gallach Pérez1, Josefa.P. Carcía Ruiz2 and Miguel Manso Silvan1 1 Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain. ABSTRACT The biomedical applications of ZnO are drastically limited by its intrinsic solubility, which shortens the stability and lifetime of devices. We show that the functionality of ZnO in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) studies is limited due to poor cell adhesion. The sol-gel route has been employed to obtain zinc titanate thin films for their integration as surface protective layer on ZnO. These films were obtained from zinc acetate (ZnAc) and titanium isopropoxide (TIPT). So derived xerogels were dried and their thermal evolution studied by TGM-DTA to identify critical annealing temperatures. The evolution of the microstructure and composition of spun cast films was determined by XRD and FTIR. Organic and ionic byproducts were eliminated at T>300ºC, which kickstarts a transformation of the amorphous materials into polycrystalline. Thin films consisted of the ZnTiO3 perovskite from annealing temperatures of 500ºC. Cell adhesion on the synthesized samples (both amorphous and crystalline) was assayed by culturing hMSCs. Immunofluorescence images of actin cytoskeleton were obtained and proliferation studied using Ki67. Cell density, single cell area and proliferation rates on ZnTiO3 films were closer to control TiO2 surfaces than to ZnO films. Such behavior validates the short term biocompatibility of ZnTiO3 films and its potential use as surface layer for ZnO biomedical devices. INTRODUCTION The attractive electric, electronic and optical properties of ZnO make of this material and attractive candidate for biomedical diagnostic devices. This is especially true for cell based devices, since Zn is an oligoelement. However, ZnO presents a dominant ionic character and the solubility in saline buffers, even more at physiological temperature, is of concern. The main aim of this work is to put this problem in evidence in the frame of ZnO films in contact with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and propose a solution based on a protective layer of a well matching material such as ZnTiO3. Thin films of this material have been prepared previously for photocatalytic applications [1], photoluminescence [2] and tribological properties [3]. Nothing is known about its biocompatibility with common lineages, but being a derivative of biocompatible TiO2 [4] suggests that an improvement with respect to soluble ZnO can be obtained. The sol gel technique is acquiring increasing interest in the fabrication of biomedical thin films in view of the high stoichiometric control, versatility in the conformation of the final thin films and possibility to design hybrid materials. The spin-coating sol-gel technique has been for instance used to synthesize drug carrier
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