Comparing the Bacteriostatic Effects of Different Metal Nanoparticles Against Proteus vulgaris
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Comparing the Bacteriostatic Effects of Different Metal Nanoparticles Against Proteus vulgaris Hamed Charkhian1 · Amin Bodaqlouie2 · Ehsan Soleimannezhadbari1 · Lida Lotfollahi3 · Nima Shaykh‑Baygloo4 · Ramin Hosseinzadeh2 · Nesa Yousefi5 · Meysam Khodayar2 Received: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract For many years, researchers were looking for new antibacterial substances to deal with hospital infections and especially resistant infections. Nanoparticles attracted much attentions because of their very small size that increases the surface to capacity ratio and consequently increase chemical activity. In this study, the antibacterial effects of silver, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were studied on Proteus vulgaris, as a bacterium involved in the resistant hospital infections. The capability of nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of bacteria was assessed via 9 different methods including cylinder, disk, and well-diffusion, spot test, MBC, MIC, liquid inhibitory action test, diffusion, and assessing the effects of nanoparticles on a 24-h culture. Based on the results, copper oxide and silver nanoparticles had high antibacterial effects on P. vulgaris in both liquid and solid cultures, respectively. However, nickel oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles only had a weak effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth in the liquid culture. CuO and Ag NPs could release ions and consequently produce free radicals, disturb the equilibrium of electrons between electron donor groups and inactivate enzymes and DNA of the organisms. Moreover, they triggered holes in the bacterial membrane to disturb cellular ion equilibrium. So, they can be used to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Besides, further studies have shown that they could be used as a supplementary treatment and/or in combination with other drugs to cure infections caused by P. vulgaris.
Introduction Hospital infections are one of the most serious issues for the health and healthcare centers in developing and even developed countries which led to increase mortality ratio, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02029-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ehsan Soleimannezhadbari [email protected] 1
Young Researchers Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
2
Department of Biotechnology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
therapeutic costs and could be a threat for the public health [1, 2]. Proteus vulgaris is a gram negative opportunistic pathogen and has a role in hospital-acquired infe
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