Comparison analysis on simultaneous decolorization of Congo red and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell (MFC)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparison analysis on simultaneous decolorization of Congo red and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell (MFC) with L-threonine-/conductive polymer-modified anodes Chao Li 1,2 & Miaomiao Luo 1,2 & Shihua Zhou 3 & Hanyue He 4 & Jiashun Cao 1,2 & Jingyang Luo 1,2 Received: 11 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract L-Threonine and three kinds of conductive polymers were applied for anode modification in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for decolorization of Congo red with simultaneous electricity generation. The description of modified anodes with FTIR, surface contact angle, and CV analysis showed that the anode surface was successfully grafted with functional groups, with improving wettability, as well as the increasing specific surface area and electrochemical activity. For L-threonine modification, the highest decolorization rate of 97% of the MFC, and meanwhile, the maximum current density of 155.8 mA/m2, was obtained at the modified concentration of 400 mg/L. For conductive polymer modifications, the poly (aniline-1,8-diaminonaphthalene) (short for PANDAN) owned the highest performance, with the current density 185 mA/m2, and the decolorization rate was 97%. Compared with L-threonine, the modifications by conductive polymers were more suitable for MFC decolorization due to their functional groups and unique conductivity. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for the conductive polymers modified anodes to reveal their bioelectrochemical mechanisms. Keywords Microbial fuel cells (MFC) . L-threonine . Conductive polymers . Azo dyes . Biofilms
Introduction Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10130-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jiashun Cao [email protected] Chao Li [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3
Third Design and Research Institute, Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design and Research General Institute, Shanghai 200092, China
4
Jiangsu Yuzhi River Basin Management Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
The azo dye contains azo double bond (–N=N–) among molecules, which is characterized by deep chromaticity, high COD, low biochemical availability, etc. (Buscio et al. 2015; Shamsnejati et al. 2015). Azo dye is usually hard for degradation under destructive factors, such as pH and ion strength variation, microbial attacks, chemical reactions, and thermal fluctuations, which make them linger and accumulate in the environment for a long time, posing potential hazards to the ecosystem and human health (Meerbergen et al. 2017). Azo dye wastewater, as a kind of refractory nitrogencontaining organic wastewater, treatment by microbial fue
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