Optimization Study of Leucaena leucocephala Seed Extract as Natural Coagulant on Decolorization of Aqueous Congo Red Sol
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Optimization Study of Leucaena leucocephala Seed Extract as Natural Coagulant on Decolorization of Aqueous Congo Red Solutions Jovan Kristanda1 · Kenneth Sandrosa Sintiago1 · Hans Kristianto1
· Susiana Prasetyo1 · Asaf K. Sugih1
Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Coagulation is a water and wastewater treatment technology that has been widely used due to its high efficiency and effectiveness. Various inorganic salts are commonly used as coagulant; however, there are some negative impacts of utilization of these chemical coagulants, such as high costs, large sludge volume, and also potential negative impact to human health. To overcome these problems, natural-based coagulants have been explored to reduce and substitute chemical coagulants. In this study we investigated utilization of Leucaena leucocephala seed protein, extracted using 0.5 M MgCl2 solution as natural coagulant to treat synthetic Congo red wastewater. From the protein solubility profile at various pH, it could be observed that leucaena protein’s isoelectric point was around pH 4. The optimization of coagulation condition was done by using Response Surface Method (RSM)—Central Composite Design (CCD) with variations of pH (2.93–4.12), coagulant dose (183.52–496.58 mg eq BSA/L), and dye concentration (44.1–56 mg/L). This experimental design was used to obtain the optimum condition that gave maximum dye removal percentage and minimum sludge volume. It was found that pH, coagulant dose, and dye concentration were significant for dye removal and sludge volume. Furthermore, it became evident that charge neutralization was the coagulation mechanism in this study. Based on the obtained model, 88.61% dye removal with 16.93 mL/L sludge volume was obtained at the optimum condition. The predicted optimum condition was in a good agreement with experimental data with relatively low error value. The obtained result implies good potency of leucaena as natural coagulant. Keywords Congo red · Crude extract · Leucaena leucocephala · Natural coagulant · Response surface method
1 Introduction Textile industry is classified as one of the largest and rapidly growing industries in many countries. It is known that the textile industry consumed a large number of water for its production thus generating a large volume of wastewater. Textile wastewater is high in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and other hazardous contents, namely heavy metal substances, halogenated hydrocarbons, pigments, dyes, and organic solvents [1]. According to Verma et al. (2012), typical textile wastewater had a wide range of BOD and COD value, namely 110–5500 mg/L and 50–18,000 mg/L, respectively,
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Hans Kristianto [email protected] Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Ciumbuleuit 94, Bandung 40141, Indonesia
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