Concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species in PM 2.5 in Nanjing, China: spatial variations and influences of lo
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Concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species in PM2.5 in Nanjing, China: spatial variations and influences of local emission sources Meng Yang 1 Jun Zheng 1
&
Meichun Zhou 2 & Xin Liu 1 & Fengying Li 1 & Mindong Chen 1 & Huiming Li 3 & Xin Qian 4 & Feihu Li 1 &
Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the spatial variation in the concentrations of total arsenic (Astotal), arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAs(V)), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAs(V)) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and to explore the influence of local emission sources based on the monitoring data from 18 sampling sites in Nanjing, China. The results showed that the average concentration of Astotal in the PM2.5 was 6.81 ng/m3 in Nanjing, which exceeded the standard limit of 6 ng/m3 in China. As(V) was the dominant species and varied between 71 and 81% of water-extractible As in the PM2.5. The results of the spatial variation coefficients (CVs) showed that Astotal, As(III), and As(V) displayed moderate levels of spatial heterogeneity (CV = 0.23), while DMAs(V) a considerably high level (CV = 0.60). The concentrations of Astotal and As species can be arranged in the following order: urban background ~ urban street < suburban < rural < industrial sampling sites. This pattern was connected to the influence of three local emission sources (industrial source, road traffic, and biovolatilization), which were quantified by multiple linear regression. Results showed that local road traffic sources had the smallest value of standardized regression coefficient (0.26) among these three sources, indicating that local road traffic sources contributed less to the concentration of As in PM2.5 than industrial source emissions and biovolatilization. Our findings indicate that the spatial heterogeneity of As species should be considered in exposure assessments and As biovolatilization is linked to the high heterogeneity. Keywords Arsenic . Particulate matter . Metalloid . Chemical speciation . Source Capsule: The level of spatial heterogeneity was moderate for Astotal, As(III) and As(V) and was considerably high for DMAs(V). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00932-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Meng Yang [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
2
Changzhou Research Academy of Environmental Science, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu, China
3
School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
4
School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Introduction Spatial vari
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