Comparison of plant Cd accumulation from a Cd-contaminated soil amended with biochar produced from various feedstocks
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparison of plant Cd accumulation from a Cd-contaminated soil amended with biochar produced from various feedstocks Koji Kameyama 1 & Teruhito Miyamoto 1 & Yukiyoshi Iwata 1 Received: 17 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils is a significant health concern due to the potential risk of human exposure via foods grown in Cd-contaminated fields. Biochar has been known to have a highly porous structure and high pH, as well as containing various functional groups; as such, it can immobilize heavy metals. Although it has found that biochar amendment in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils could be effective in reducing Cd bioavailability in previous studies, differences in plant Cd accumulation from Cd-contaminated soils amended with biochars produced from various types of biomass have not been fully discussed yet; we aimed to address this shortcoming in the present work. The soil investigated was an acid soil (pH 5.1) and had an elevated concentration of Cd (total Cd: 3.3 mg kg-DW−1). Six kinds of biochar were produced, i.e., from woodchips (Japanese cedar [CE] and Japanese cypress [CY]), moso bamboo (MB), rice husk (RH), poultry manure (PM), and wastewater sludge (WS), at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C. Biochars were incorporated into the Cd-contaminated soil at 3% (w/w) and pot experiments using Brassica rapa var. perviridis were conducted for 28 days in a growth chamber. The Cd concentrations in the above-ground portion of the plants were significantly decreased as a result of the incorporation of all biochars compared to the unamended soil, with reduction ratios following the order PM (78%) > > WS (31%) ≈ RH (29%) ≈ MB (28%) ≈ CY (26%) > CE (19%). Among all biochar-amended soils, soil pH and shoot biomass were highest for those amended with PM-derived biochar. These results suggest that in Cd-contaminated soils, PM-derived biochar may offer significant potential in reducing plant Cd accumulation due to the immobilization of soil Cd and an effect of dilution resulting from enhanced plant shoot biomass. Keywords Soil contamination . Biochar . Cadmium . Biomass feedstock . Pyrolysis . Soil amendment
Introduction Contamination of agricultural soils by metals originating from old mines and smelters has been a significant concern in Japan. Particularly, cadmium (Cd) is considered as one of the most harmful metals present for Japanese agricultural soils (Arao et al. 2010). The bioavailability of Cd in agricultural soils is a significant health concern due to the potential risks of human Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu * Koji Kameyama [email protected] 1
Institute for Rural Engineering, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-6 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8609, Japan
exposure via foods grown in Cd-contaminated fields (Hamid et al. 2019). Therefore, the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils could be important for reducing human health risks and ma
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