Sorptive removal of copper(II) from water by biochar produced from a novel sustainable feedstock: wild herbs
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sorptive removal of copper(II) from water by biochar produced from a novel sustainable feedstock: wild herbs Cumali Yılmaz 1 & Fuat Güzel 2 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We have reported the removal performance from the synthetic aqueous solution of copper of a low-cost and eco-friendly biochar (WHC) produced by facile thermal pyrolysis of wild herbs (WH), a new feedstock, at 550 °C under anoxic conditions. The characteristics of WHC were determined by physicochemical techniques. It exhibited a low BET surface area, total pore volume, and mean pore size of 16.45 m2/g, 0.01 cm3/g, and, 2.34 nm respectively. Batch sorption studies were performed by examining the effects of varying pH, WHC dosage, initial Cu(II) concentrations, interaction time, and temperature to determine optimum removal conditions. In modeling of sorption, data were used the pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum Cu(II) sorption capacity of WHC was 24.21 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters were computed for predicting the nature of WHC-Cu(II) sorption system. Keywords Wild herbs . Biochar . Copper sorption . Process optimization . Kinetics . Isotherm
Introduction Copper is a heavy metal commonly used in industries such as chemical manufacturing, electroplating, painting, electrical equipment manufacturing, fertilizer, and wood production. It is known that it is an essential micronutrient for human growth and development when consumed at low concentrations, but it harms living organisms at high concentrations (Ojemaye et al. 2017). Its maximum allowable concentration in water used is declared as 2.0 mg/L by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011). In fact, excessive accumulation of copper in humans causes health problems such as gastrointestinal problems in the liver, severe headache, kidney damage, increased heart rate, hypoglycemia, nausea, hair loss, diffuse capillary damage, neurotoxicity, jaundice, and liver toxicity (Benaissa and Elouchdi 2007; Pellera et al. 2012; Hou et al. 2013). Therefore, it is necessary to remove Cu(II) ions from water for the health of living organisms. Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu * Fuat Güzel [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
Until now, various traditional and advanced techniques such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, sorption, solvent extraction, electrochemical purification, membrane filtration, and reverse osmosis have been used to treat water contaminated with copper (Jean et al. 2018; Vital et al. 2018; Nekouei et al. 2019; Xiao et al. 2020). Among these, the sorption method is frequently used because of its easy application, high efficiency, and economical. In the application of this method, activated carbons have a central pl
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