Comparison of the effects of weight loss from a high-protein versus standard-protein energy-restricted diet on strength
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Comparison of the effects of weight loss from a high-protein versus standard-protein energy-restricted diet on strength and aerobic capacity in overweight and obese men Thomas P. Wycherley • Jonathan D. Buckley Manny Noakes • Peter M. Clifton • Grant D. Brinkworth
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Received: 1 November 2011 / Accepted: 24 February 2012 / Published online: 11 March 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Purpose To compare the effects of two low-fat, hypoenergetic diets differing in carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, on strength and aerobic capacity measures in overweight and obese men. Methods In a parallel design, 56 men (age, 45.5 ± 8.7 years; BMI, 33.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a low-fat, energy-restricted diet (7,000 kJ/day) with either high protein (HP: protein/carbohydrate/fat % energy, 35:40:25) or standard protein (SP, 17:58:25). Body weight, body composition, muscle strength and aerobic capacity were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results Forty-two participants completed the study (HP, n = 21; SP, n = 21). Both groups experienced similar reductions in body weight (HP, -10.7 ± 5.3 kg [-9.8%]; SP, -8.7 ± 3.5 kg [-8.4%]) and fat-free mass (HP, -2.8 ± 3.6 kg; SP, -3.2 ± 2.7 kg; P \ 0.001 time; P [ 0.14 time 9 group interaction). There was a trend for a greater reduction in fat mass in the HP diet group, (-7.7 ± 4.3 kg [-21.2%] vs. -5.4 ± 3.3 kg [-15.1%]; P \ 0.001 time; P = 0.06 time 9 group interaction). Absolute peak oxygen uptake did not change in either group (P = 0.39 time; P = 0.50 time 9 group interaction). Overall, in both groups,
T. P. Wycherley J. D. Buckley Division of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia M. Noakes G. D. Brinkworth (&) Preventative Health Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041 BC, Adelaide 5000, Australia e-mail: [email protected] P. M. Clifton Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Adelaide, Australia
relative peak oxygen uptake increased (2.9 ± 2.8 ml kg-1 min-1 [8.9%]), peak isometric knee extensor strength increased (14.1 ± 35.7 Nm [7.1%]) and peak handgrip strength decreased (-1.6 ± 4.1 kg [-3%]) (P B 0.02 time for all), with no diet effect (P B 0.23 time 9 group interaction). Conclusion In overweight and obese men, both a HP and SP diet reduced body weight and improved body composition with similar effects on strength and aerobic capacity. Keywords Diet composition Exercise capacity Weight loss Physical function Nutrition
Introduction In response to the obesity epidemic, there has been marked rise in the prevalence and use of higher-protein diets [36]. Emerging evidence suggests that during energy restriction, a low-fat diet (\30% fat), higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate (HP), compared to a conventional standardprotein, higher-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (SP), may be more favourable for weight loss [28, 35], body composition (increasing body fat mass [FM] loss and preserving fat
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