Comparison of the properties of perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene ether and alkyl polyoxyethylene ether
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Comparison of the properties of perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene ether and alkyl polyoxyethylene ether Bo Ning 1 & Mi Zhang 1 & Yanyun Bai 1 & Xiumei Tai 1 & Wanxu Wang 1 & Guoyong Wang 1 Received: 7 July 2020 / Revised: 8 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants have been widely adopted as substitutes for long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants and hydrocarbon surfactants due to their biodegradability and excellent surface properties. In particular, fluorocarbon surfactants such as short-chain perfluoropolyethers have become a research hotspot in recent years. In this study, the short-chain perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene ether surfactant CF-310 is systematically compared with the traditional nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant alkyl polyoxyethylene ether AEO-7 in terms of its equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, wetting properties, and foam properties. The results show that CF-310 has better surface properties, better wettability on low-energy surfaces, and better foam properties than AEO-7. Structural optimization based on density functional theory (DFT) also indicates that the CF-310 fluorocarbon chain has a larger volume and a helical conformation, which are the main factors responsible for the superior surface performance, wettability, and foam performance of CF-310 compared with AEO-7. Excellent performance and biodegradability make this short-chain perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene ether surfactant CF-310 a more efficient alternative to AEO-7. This study tested the performance of the CF-310 system in hopes of developing its potential applications in personal and home care and foam applications. Keywords Fluorocarbon surfactants . Perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene ether . Density functional theory
Introduction With the increasing utilization of surfactants in industrial production, research, and daily life, fluorocarbon surfactants have received great attention in the past several decades [1, 2]. Fluorocarbon surfactants are surfactants in which the hydrocarbon chains of conventional hydrocarbon surfactants are replaced with fluorocarbon chains. The presence of fluorine endows fluorocarbon surfactants with several desirable properties, such as chemical and thermal stability and good wetting and foaming behavior. Fluorocarbon surfactants are more effective at reducing the surface tension of aqueous solutions than any other type of surfactant [3–5]. For example, fluorocarbon surfactants can reduce the surface tension of water to 15–20 mN/m; these values are much lower than those achieved using hydrocarbon surfactants (30–40 mN/m) or * Guoyong Wang [email protected] 1
China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China
siloxane surfactants (20−25 mN/m) [1, 6, 7]. These unique properties make fluorocarbon surfactants irreplaceable in many applications, such as coatings, firefighting foams, and ink wetting [5, 8]. The most representati
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