Highly selective sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membranes for vanadium redox flow batte
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Highly selective sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/ polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries Anfeng Li1, Gang Wang1,*, Xiaoyan Wei1, Feng Li1, Miaomiao Zhang1, Jie Zhang1, Jinwei Chen1, and Ruilin Wang1,* 1
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Received: 5 March 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 27 July 2020
A novel amphoteric membrane was designed by blending polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) to fabricate a vanadium redox flow battery. Acid–base pairs were formed by sulfonic acid and heterocyclic nitrogen, and the dense network structures were interwoven by the hydrogen bonds between the acid–base pairs. Vanadium ions were blocked by these network structures such that their penetration was weakened. Compared with Nafion115 and SPEEK membranes, the ion selectivity of SPEEK/PVP (S/P) hybrid membranes of various proportions was improved, of which the S/P-30% membrane performed best (106.1*104 S min cm-3). At the same time, these hybrid membranes showed far superior performances than the single-component membranes in a single-cell system. Most notably, the coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency achieved by the battery with a S/P-30% hybrid membrane were 97.5% and 84.5% at 60 mA cm-2, respectively, with notable stability after 50 cycles. The corresponding open-circuit voltage of the battery was maintained above 0.8 V for more than 73 h. This acid–base hybrid membrane has reached a high level of overall performance in binary non-fluorine proton exchange membranes in recent years.
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Springer Science+Business
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Introduction The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a type of energy storage device with large energy storage capacity, fast response, and high energy efficiency (EE); it is expected to be used for overcoming issues
associated with energy shortage and environmental pollution [1, 2]. As a core component of the device, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) is responsible for isolating the positive and negative electrolytes. Additionally, it must ensure the efficient transport of charge carriers to close the circuit [3–5]. High
Handling Editor: Yaroslava Yingling.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05228-8
J Mater Sci
conductivity, low vanadium penetration, good stability, and low cost are the ideal properties provided by the PEM [6–9]. Nafion membranes are the most popular commercial membranes in the world because of their excellent proton conductivity and chemical stability. However, in VRFBs, their high vanadium penetration and excessive cost impede their application [10–12]. In recent years, several non-fluorinated aromatic compounds have been applied as PEMs, including polysulfone (PSF) [13, 14], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) [15–17], polyaniline (PANI) [18, 19], sulfonated polyimide (SPI) [16, 20–24] and polypyrrole (PPy) [25]. Among these compounds,
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