Low-dimensional protonated carbon nitride incorporated sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) for PEMFC applications
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Low-dimensional protonated carbon nitride incorporated sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) for PEMFC applications Minhui Li 1 & Shuguo Qu 1 & Chenchen Zhang 1 & Jihai Duan 1 & Weiwen Wang 1 Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rational design and large-scale synthesis of proton exchange membranes with high proton conductivity are essential for their practical applications in fuel cells and storage devices. Herein, a facile approach to prepare proton conductivity membrane which possessed new proton transport channel was reported. The composite membrane was prepared by in situ sol-gel method using SPEEK as polymer matrix and carbon nitride (g-C3N4-H+) as reinforcing agent. The g-C3N4-H+ is the 2D nanosheet, and also contains a large number of channel, which can provide new approach for proton transfer. Moreover, this structure allows the composite membrane to form more hydrogen bonding networks at its interface as well as internal area, thus improving the proton transfer efficiency. The proton conductivity of the SPEEK/g-C3N4-H+ composite membrane reached 10.86 mS cm−1, which is 3.64 times higher than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane at the temperature of 25 °C. Keywords SPEEK . g-C3N4-H+ . New proton transfer channel . Proton conductivity
Introduction Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) received increasing attention because of their high energy conversion efficiency and environment friendly [1]. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the most important component of PEMFCs, which facilitates the proton transfer from the anode to the cathode and acts as a barrier to fuel and oxygen. Meanwhile, PEM should also have high proton conductivity, sufficient thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties. As a perfluorinated polymer membranes (ex. Nafion produced by DuPont), it has been widely used in PEM [2]. These membranes exhibit high proton conductivity and outstanding stability at 60–80 °C. However, the property of proton conductivity can be dramatically decreased at the high temperature (> 100 °C) or low humidity, and also their price is too expensive [3–5]. Therefore, the PEM which can replace Nafion® has been studied for decades. Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is a kind of polyaryl ether * Shuguo Qu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
ketone resin, with excellent chemical stability and thermal stability. Therefore, it has drawn people’s increasing attention [6–8]. Since the presence of sulfonic acid groups, SPEEK membrane has a certain proton conductivity, but its proton conductivity is relatively lower and still needs to be enhanced. It is still challenging to improve the conductivity of SPEEK membrane. There are many ways to modify SPEEK to improve its proton conductivity, which is to add other matters into SPEEK matrix
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