Determination of Pb and Cd in Macedonian Wines by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS)
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Determination of Pb and Cd in Macedonian Wines by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos & Silvia Jakabová & Dusko Nedelkovski & Vladimír Pavlík & Želmira Balážová & Ondrej Hegedűs
Received: 3 October 2014 / Accepted: 4 December 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract In this study, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was used for determination of lead and cadmium in Macedonian white wines. Wine samples, without prior purification, were directly injected into the ETAAS system, using matrix modifiers for Pb and Cd. The standard addition method was used for quantitative analysis of Pb and Cd content. Reliability of the method was verified by determination of selected validation characteristics. The results of the measurements indicated satisfactory precision and accuracy, confirming that the method is accurate and convenient for quantitative analysis. The lead and cadmium concentrations were ranged between 2–28.5 and 0.4–5.69 μg/L, V. Ivanova-Petropulos (*) Faculty of Agriculture, University “Goce Delčev”, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Štip, Republic of Macedonia e-mail: [email protected] S. Jakabová Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic D. Nedelkovski Department of Viticulture, Institute of Agriculture, Ss “Cyril and Methodius” University, Aleksandar Makedonski bb, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia V. Pavlík Regional Authority of Public Health, Štefánikova tr. 58, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic Ž. Balážová Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic O. Hegedűs Department of Public Health, Institute the Physiotherapy, Balneology and Therapeutic Rehabilitation, University of SS Cyril and Methodius Trnava, Rázusova 14, 921 01 Piešťany, Slovak Republic
respectively. The levels were below the maximal allowed concentration in wine and compare well with those reported for similar wines from other parts of the world. Keywords Lead . Cadmium . Wines . Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
Introduction Wine is a very complex natural product consisting of organic and inorganic compounds that have a great influence on wine quality. Determination of wine composition and following the concentration of various wine compounds at all stages of winemaking allows control of the technological process and obtaining wines with certain taste, bouquet, flavor, colour and astringency (Stafilov and Karadjova 2009). Mineral composition of wines is an important factor that influences its quality as well as nutritional value. In fact, determination of the elemental composition of wines is very important from toxicological point of view, not only since it could contain harmful elements, such as Pb, As and Cd, but also, from nutritional point of view, since wine contains essential elements for the huma
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