Competence-based Vocational Education and Training in Viet Nam: Input and Process towards Learning Outcomes
Competence-based education and assessment is an innovative approach in vocational education and training (VET). Within this approach, competencies are often put in context, are situation specifically formulated, related to career perspectives and describe
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Competence-based Vocational Education and Training in Viet Nam: Input and Process towards Learning Outcomes Nguyen Quang Viet
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Introduction
Schemes for improving the quality of human resources in general, and the quality of employees who possess occupational skills which are recognized by other nations and employers within certain regions, facilitate labour migration. In that sense they are beneficial for outgoing and incoming migrant employees. It is therefore helpful for member states in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to harmonize standards on occupational skills and competencies to establish mutual recognition of employee qualifications in certain professions. This has been mentioned in meetings and conferences of the ASEAN several times since the 1990s. Like many other countries, Viet Nam is facing new challenges in human resource development. Despite impressive achievements in literacy and numeracy among Vietnamese workers, many Vietnamese firms report difficulties in finding workers with adequate skills and regard this as a significant obstacle in their activity (World Bank 2013). The White Book 2014 on Trade/Investment Issues and Recommendations also indicates that Viet Nam ranks in the lower half of human resources within the ASEAN member states (European Chamber of Commerce 2013). The issue of mutual recognition of qualifications and skills between the member states is raised and a process is going on of getting a common arrangement to promote skilled labour mobility within the region. One of the basic notions in this process is that manpower quality is comprised of skills and competencies of workers. Therefore, improving and updating skills and competencies is a key mission of the Viet Nam VET system, to meet the needs of a rapidly changing labour market.
See Appendix for List of Abbreviations. N.Q. Viet (*) National Institute for Vocational Training (NIVT), Ha Noi, Viet Nam e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 M. Mulder (ed.), Competence-based Vocational and Professional Education, Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects 23, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41713-4_22
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In recent years, there has been a remarkable innovation in training programmes and methods, but the assessment of learning outcomes has lagged behind. The assessment practiced strongly relies on the capacity of trainers and the qualities of infrastructure and facilities, which are not complying with the standards set forth by current advances in technology and the state of the industry. Most trainers are not competent because they lack practical working experience. Many VET institutions do not have adequate tools and equipment, or what they have is not functional. As a result, learning outcomes of students do not properly reflect the current competencies required by the labour market. The Government is committed to implement a policy comprising of a comprehensive reform towards a competence approach in education and traini
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