Comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis revealing the responses of hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscogut
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Comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis revealing the responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) to the replacement of fish meal with soy protein concentrate Yan Chen & Wenkan Liu & Jun Ma & Yaorong Wang & Hai Huang Received: 21 October 2019 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Plant proteins are suitable and alternative to fish meals (FMs), with less cost compared with that of all other types of fish feeds. In recent years, soy protein concentrate (SPC) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to FM; however, little is known regarding the effects of dietary SPC on general fish physiology and well-being. This study aimed to perform comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis for testing the applicability of SPC as fish feeds in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) [SPC replaced 0% (CK), 30% (SPC30), and 75% (SPC75) of FM protein]. Generally, SPC30 promoted fish survival and had less effects on the phenotype, while SPC75 reduced fish survival, promoted inflammation, and regulated multiple physiological responses. Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by SPC were identified in the intestine, liver, and muscle, which were enriched in biological regulation, cellular process, metY. Chen : W. Liu : J. Ma : H. Huang Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Sanya 572022 Hainan province, People’s Republic of China Y. Chen : W. Liu : J. Ma (*) : H. Huang College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022 Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Wang Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
abolic process, single-organism process, cell, cell part, membrane, binding, and catalytic activity based on RNA-seq. Notably, some DEGs involved in amino acid and lipid metabolism in the digestive system highlighted the modulatory effect of SPC on these metabolic processes, consistent with the physiological responses including enzyme activities. The enriched aspects of these predominant DEGs might be directly related to the different effects of SPC30 and SPC75 on fish growth, digestibility, and underlying enzyme activities and histology. In conclusion, the comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic comparative analysis of CK, SPC30, and SPC75 was also effective in testing the applicability of SPC as fish feeds and in designing a proper diet with the best impact on the growth performance and health of fish in hybrid grouper. Keywords DEGs . Fish meals . Physiological analysis . Soy protein concentrate . Transcriptomic analysis
Introduction As an essential item, protein is most expensive and needed in sufficient amounts for fish growth (Mambrini et al. 1999; Xiao et al. 2017). Fish meal (FM) is now the main protein source of aquatic feed, particularly for omnivorous and carnivorous fish due to its balanced delivery of ess
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