A comprehensive review on advanced thermochemical processes for bio-hydrogen production via microwave and plasma technol
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A comprehensive review on advanced thermochemical processes for bio-hydrogen production via microwave and plasma technologies Abrar Inayat 1 & Rumaisa Tariq 2 & Zakir Khan 3 & Chaouki Ghenai 1 & Mohammed Kamil 4 & Farrukh Jamil 3 & Abdallah Shanableh 5 Received: 28 September 2020 / Revised: 10 November 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Substantial advances in research, thriving use, and further product recovery contribute to improvements and variations in current biomass processing thermochemical processes. This study offers a summary of the concepts, methods, benefits, and demerits of biomass thermochemical conversions such as pyrolysis and gasification using microwave and plasma technologies for biohydrogen production. This article also offers a comprehensive overview of the evolving biogas for bio-hydrogen production. These technologies generate up to 95% bio-hydrogen and can process a wide variety of biomass and waste. The current study also includes assessing the overall description of the microwave plasma cycle and the effect of several operational parameters on H2 performance. This extensive knowledge will help potential researchers to interlink with industry to make feasible, sustainable hydrogen production. Keywords Biomass . Microwave plasma technique . Biogas . Reforming . Bio-hydrogen
Nomenclature GHz GigaHertz MHz MegaHertz kW Kilowatt ER Equivalence ratio SBR Steam to biomass ratio MPa Mega pascal Nl/h Normal liter per hour ml/min Milliliter per min WGS Water-gas shift reaction MW Microwave * Abrar Inayat [email protected] 1
Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
2
School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
4
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
5
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
1 Introduction Due to restraining fossil fuel assets, growing prices, and unceasing production of toxic wastes, researchers are continuously trying to explore innovative and unique renewable and sustainable methods to replace fossil fuels and reduce a large amount of waste generated [1]. In Germany, a large share of electricity consumption has been shifted to renewable energy resources with a net increase of 36.2 to 14.3% from 2007 to 2017 [2]. Conversion of biomass and waste material is a viable option because these materials are capable of producing energy, heat, and value-added petroleum products and reducing the detrimental discharge of CO2 to zero levels [3]. Besides, it is a permanently and extensively available source generated by society [4]. Generally, biomass to energy conversion technologies are classified into physicoch
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