Comprehensive Understanding of Gold Nanoparticles Enhancing Catalytic Efficiency
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omprehensive Understanding of Gold Nanoparticles Enhancing Catalytic Efficiency Pei Gonga, Min Wua, Jinru Zhanga, Xin Lia, Jingran Liua, and Fang Wana, * a
Biomedical Nanocenter, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 P. R. China *e-mail: [email protected] Received July 19, 2019; revised April 7, 2020; accepted April 14, 2020
Abstract—Enzymes play significant roles in both life and industry, and increasing enzymatic activity has been a long-term goal of the biochemical science. Recently, it has been reported that nanomaterials can enhance both the specificity and yield of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) though the mechanism of this enhancement remained unclear. By using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as model nanomaterials and the cellulase as a typical enzyme, we studied whether and how nanomaterials affect enzymatic activities investigating various aspects of the reaction process. The results showed that the catalytic efficiency of cellulase depends on the concentration of AuNPs. By detailed studying the relation between catalysis and experimental conditions, we found that the enzymatic activity can be increased up to 13.13% upon adding AuNPs in concentration of 0.5 nM into the reaction solution. The optimal pH, temperature, and incubation time for cellulose with 0.5 nM AuNPs were found to be same as those for the cellulose alone. These findings might be useful for enhancing enzymatic activities in the industrial processes. DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X20050087
INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely small particles, ranging from 1 to 100 nm in diameter, having a large surface-to-volume ratio, capable of entering cells [1, 2], and interacting with small molecules and biomacromolecules, especially proteins [3–6]. Binding with NPs is a strategy to modify the behavior and activity of proteins [7, 8]. Various driving forces could be involved into the protein-NP interactions, such as the hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction including π–π stacking, hydrogen bond, depletion force, Van der Waals force, etc. [9]. Nanoenzymes have become a hot topic since Gao et al. 10] first time reported the peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic NPs in 2007. Later, the enzymatic properties have been discovered in several other nanomaterials including AuNPs [11, 12]. Moreover, there are also some researches focusing on the combination of AuNPs and natural enzymes, for instance, Kreuzer et al. [13] immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on AuNPs to high-efficiently produce polymerization-based thermoresponsive polymers. Nevertheless, the AuNPs employed in this study were just for the easy separation and recycling use of HRP from the reaction mixtures. Cellulase is an enzyme that can break down cellulose into low-molecule-weight saccharides such as glucose. Cellulase is essential for the hydrolysis of food, beverages, textiles, animal feeds, pulps, paper
and so on [14], and for industrial and lignocellulosic hydrolysis. In the textile industry, the hydrolysis of cellulose can weaken
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