Computational Psychiatry A Systems Biology Approach to the Epigeneti
This book explores mental disorders from a uniquely evolutionary perspective. Although there have been many attempts to mathematically model neural processes and, to some extent, their dysfunction, there is very little literature that models mental functi
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Computational Psychiatry A Systems Biology Approach to the Epigenetics of Mental Disorders
Computational Psychiatry
Rodrick Wallace
Computational Psychiatry A Systems Biology Approach to the Epigenetics of Mental Disorders
123
Rodrick Wallace New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-53909-6 ISBN 978-3-319-53910-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53910-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017934644 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
US psychiatry is in crisis. Perhaps the most evident symptom is the ‘transinstitutionalization’ of those with serious mental illness (SMI) from hospitals to jails and prisons, following decades of psychiatric bed eliminations. For New York State, some 96,000 such beds were available in the mid-1950s. About 3000 remain. New York City’s Rikers Island jail houses some 11,000 inmates, with about 4000 now diagnosed as suffering SMI. Statewide, approximately 60% of hospital beds in jails and prisons are occupied by those with SMI. Current policy initiatives focus on making this mass jailing of the mentally ill ‘more humane’. The pattern is repeated nationally. As Bastimpillai et al. (2016) note: Currently, the United States has a relatively low 22 psychiatric beds per 100,000 population compared with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average of 71 beds per 100,000 population. Only 4 of the 35 OECD countries (Italy, Chile, Turkey, and Mexico) have fewer psychiatric beds per 100,000 population than the United States. . . Germany, Switzerland, and France have 127, 91, and 87 psychiatric beds
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