Concentration-dependent Differences in Urinary Iodine Measurements Between Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
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Concentration-dependent Differences in Urinary Iodine Measurements Between Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and the Sandell-Kolthoff Method Yongze Li 1 & Shuangning Ding 1 & Cheng Han 1,2 & Aihua Liu 1,3 & Zhongyan Shan 1 & Weiping Teng 1 & Jinyuan Mao 1 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract A large amount of historical data regarding urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were measured with the Sandell-Kolthoff (S-K) method for iodine nutrition surveillance. The congruence in urinary iodine measurements between inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the S-K method has been debated. A total of 2064 adult urine samples were included in the present study. The UIC measurement results obtained simultaneously by standardized ICP-MS and the S-K method were analyzed. The UIC obtained with ICP-MS was significantly higher than that obtained with the S-K method (158 μg/L vs. 148 μg/L, p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman difference plot showed a small but significant mean difference of 6.12 μg/L between the two methods. The stratified analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was higher in the UIC < 300 μg/L group than the UIC ≥ 300 μg/L group (0.93 vs. 0.88, p = 0.0001). The mean difference between the S-K and ICP-MS methods was positively correlated with the UIC. The ICP-MS and S-K methods were comparable when the UIC was less than 300 μg/L; however, UIC values between 300 and 600 μg/L should be compared with caution after considering the research objective. We do not suggest comparing UICs obtained from the ICP-MS and S-K methods in iodine monitoring studies if the UIC is greater than 600 μg/L. Keywords Urinary iodine concentration . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . Sandell-Kolthoff reaction
Introduction Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones and normally obtained by the consumption of foods that contain iodine or iodized salt, and either low or high iodine intake may lead to thyroid disorders [1]. Iodine supplementation and monitoring programs have been implemented in most countries [2–4]. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) reflects the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02381-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jinyuan Mao [email protected] 1
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
2
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 216, The Bronx, NY, USA
3
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
dietary iodine intake and has been used as a marker for iodine status in population studies [5, 6]. Different techniques for the determination of urinary iodine, such as chemical methods and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), have been
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