Differential distribution of and similar biochemical responses to different species of arsenic and antimony in Vetiveria
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Differential distribution of and similar biochemical responses to different species of arsenic and antimony in Vetiveria zizanioides Huang Yu . Xizhe Yan . Xiafei Zheng . Kui Xu . Qiuping Zhong . Tony Yang . Feifei Liu . Cheng Wang . Longfei Shu . Zhili He . Fanshu Xiao . Qingyun Yan
Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) has a great application potential to the phytoremediation of heavy metals pollution. However, few studies explored the bioavailability and distribution of different speciations of As and Sb in V. zizanioides. This study aimed to clarify the allocation and accumulation of two inorganic species arsenic (As(III) and As(V)) and antimony (Sb(III) and Sb(V)) in V. zizanioides, to understand the self-defense mechanisms of V. zizanioides to these metal(loids) elements. Thus, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to identify distribution of As and Sb in plant roots and shoots. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and changes of subcellular structures were tested to evaluate metal(loids) tolerance capacities of V. zizanioides. This study demonstrated that V. zizanioides had higher capacity
to accumulate Sb than As. For Sb absorption, Sb(III) content is significantly higher than Sb(V) in tissues of V. zizanioides under all concentration levels, despite the oxidation of Sb(III) on the nutrient solution surface. Additional Sb was mainly accumulated in plant roots due to Sb immobilization by transforming it into precipitates. As was more easily transferred to aerial tissues and had low accumulation rates, probably due to its restricted uptake rather than restricted transport. In many cases, two inorganic species of As and Sb showed almost same biotoxicity to V. zizanioides estimated from its biomass, SOD activity, and MDA content as well as functional groups. In summary, the results of this study provide new insights into understanding allocation, accumulation and phytotoxicity effects of arsenic and antimony in V. zizanioides.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00658-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Yu X. Yan X. Zheng K. Xu Q. Zhong C. Wang L. Shu Z. He F. Xiao (&) Q. Yan (&) Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China e-mail: [email protected]
T. Yang Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada F. Liu State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
Q. Yan e-mail: [email protected]
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Environ Geochem Heal
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