Concept and evaluation of bay health: the role of numerical model in the Yueqing Bay, China
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Concept and evaluation of bay health: the role of numerical model in the Yueqing Bay, China ZHOU Dacheng1, SUN Zhilin1, HUANG Yu1, HUANG Saihua1, LI Li1, 2* 1 Ocean College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005 , China
Received 15 July 2015; accepted 25 March 2016 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract
To better evaluate the three-dimensional bay health and predict the dynamic bay health conditions, a concept of numerical bay health was introduced and a method of numerical bay health evaluation (NBHE) was developed. To support the NBHE method, a numerical bay health index (NBHI) system was constructed, which assess the natural and socio-economic effects on the entire bay. Five index groups are combined to formulate the NBHI, including geometry, hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics, bio-ecology, water quality and socio-economy. Each group has different number of indices selected and weighted using AHP method according to their importance. Data were mainly synthesized from a variety of numerical models together with monitoring programs, which provide superior to other approaches in discriminating data integrity and predicting data in future. The NBHE method using NBHI system was applied in the Yueqing Bay during spring tide in April 2007. According to the NBHE results, Sta. A, at the surface level of the estuarine mouth, has a healthy geometry condition, sub-healthy hydrodynamic and sediment dynamic condition, and unhealthy water quality and bioecology conditions. The integrated healthy score at Sta. A indicates its sub-healthy condition. Key words: numerical bay health concept, numerical model, numerical index system, three dimensional evaluation, Yueqing Bay Citation: Zhou Dacheng, Sun Zhilin, Huang Yu, Huang Saihua, Li Li. 2016. Concept and evaluation of bay health: the role of numerical model in the Yueqing Bay, China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(8): 3–15, doi: 10.1007/s13131-016-0899-5
1 Introduction The increasing degradation of estuarine water quality has been associated with rising human population densities, changes in land use, and the intensification of agricultural practices in watersheds. Problems associated with water quality degradation are increasing threats to aquatic systems worldwide, particularly in estuaries (Williams et al., 2009), due to the geophysical location and the abundant resources of bays. According to preliminary statistics (Compilation Committee of “Records of Bays in China”, 1991–1998), there are more than 350 bays spreading along the coastlines of China. The bays serve as various functions and satisfy all kinds of demands of human society, such as food production, and biodiversity maintenance. However, over exploitation of bay resources and lack of ecological environment protection cause negative consequences, such as environmental pollution and ecological degradation. Hence, plenty of studies focus on the estuarine-ecosystem health
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