Conditions of enzyme-assisted extraction to increase the recovery of flavanone aglycones from pectin waste
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Conditions of enzyme-assisted extraction to increase the recovery of flavanone aglycones from pectin waste Paula de Paula Menezes Barbosa1 Gabriela Alves Macedo2
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Amanda Roggia Ruviaro2
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Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract The citrus pectin by-product (CPB), generated from pectin industry, is a rich-source of flavanones, but not explored until now. As most of these compounds are inside vacuoles or bound to cell wall matrix, enzymatic hydrolysis was applied on their recovery, followed by hydroalcoholic and ultrasound extraction. Different parameters were studied: enzymes (b-glucosidase, tannase, and cellulase), their concentration (5, 10, and 20 U g-1 CPB), and reaction time (6, 12, and 24 h). Extracts were characterized in total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (ORAC and DPPH assays), and polyphenolic profile (HPLC–DAD). All enzymatic treatments significantly improved CPB antioxidant capacity and TPC, compared with hydroalcoholic and ultrasound extraction. b-glucosidase (5 U) for 24 h was the most effective in polyphenol extraction and bioconversion, followed by b-glucosidase (5 U) for 12 h and tannase (5 U) for 24 h. Thus, the concentration of these enzymes was increased (10 and 20 U) to improve flavanones extraction. b-glucosidase at 20 U offered the highest amount of
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04906-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Paula de Paula Menezes Barbosa [email protected] Amanda Roggia Ruviaro [email protected] Gabriela Alves Macedo [email protected] 1
School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
2
School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
naringenin (77.63 mg 100 g-1 of CPB) and hesperetin (766.44 mg 100 g-1) obtained so far by biological processes. According to Person’s correlation analysis, TPC and antioxidant activity were highly correlated with CPB contents of hesperetin and naringenin. The aglycone flavanones are rarely found in natural sources and have higher biological potential than their glycosylated forms. Our results indicated enzyme-assisted extraction as a good choice for recovering aglycone flavanones from CPB, and increased knowledge on the biological activity of this agroindustrial waste, amplifying their application in food and pharmaceutical field. Keywords b-glucosidase Tannase Enzyme-assisted extraction Citrus by-product Bioactive compounds Antioxidant activity
Introduction Agroindustrial wastes have gained increasing attention because of their rich content of valuable compounds, including pigments, organic acids, flavor compounds, enzymes, and bioactive compounds (Delgado and Fleuri 2016). Orange is the world’s largest fruit crop, with 73 million tonnes harvested i
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