Conductivity and Conductive Stability of Nickel-Plated Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites
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RESEARCH PAPER
Conductivity and Conductive Stability of Nickel‑Plated Carbon‑Fiber‑Reinforced Cement Composites Xing‑wen Jia1 · Wen‑xin Zhang1 · Jia‑yin Luo1 · Mao‑hua Tang1 Received: 7 September 2019 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract The conductivity and wettability of carbon fiber increase with nickel-plating coating thickness, which may improve the conductivity and stability of carbon-fiber-reinforced cement composites (CFRCs). To investigate the influence of carbon-fiber metal coating on the CFRC conductivity and stability, nickel-plated carbon fibers (NPCFs) were prepared by electroless plating, and the influence of NPCF content, contact resistance, coating thickness, age, temperature and water content on the conductivity and conductive stability of NPCF-reinforced cement composites (NPCFRCs) was investigated. The NPCF wettability and roughness were enhanced significantly with the increase in coating thickness, and the NPCF dispersion was also enhanced, which improves the NPCFRC conductivity and stability. The NPCF percolation threshold decreased by 50% and the NPCF contact resistance decreased from 422 Ω to 76 Ω when the coating thickness increased from 0 to 2.25 microns. The difference between the 180- and 28-day resistivities decreased from 1170.9 to 141.0 Ω cm, which indicates that the conductivity and conductive stability of the NPCFRC were enhanced significantly. The conductivity and stability of the CFRC that were prepared with NPCF improved notably, which promotes the application of CFRC in structural health monitoring and thermoelectric conversion. Keywords Nickel-plated carbon fiber · Nickel-plated carbon-fiber-reinforced cement composite · Coating thickness · Conductive stability · Resistivity · Percolation threshold
1 Introduction Carbon-fiber-reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is considered a new type of carbon-based smart material (Chiarello and Zinno 2005; Galao et al. 2017). In recent decades, the conductivity, conductive mechanism and engineering application of CFRC has been studied systematically, especially the performance of CFRC in snow and ice melting, structural health monitoring, cathodic protection, electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding (Ding et al. 2015; Wei et al. 2016; Carmona et al. 2015; Meng and Chung 2010). However, the application of CFRC in the abovementioned fields remains difficult to achieve because of the poor conductivity and poor conductive stability (Hambach et al. 2016; Dalla et al. 2016).
* Xing‑wen Jia [email protected] 1
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
The special functions and applications of CFRC are usually determined by its conductivity (Mei et al. 2017). The potential for CFRC use in practical engineering depends more on its conductive stability than on its conductivity. Defects in the conductive stability of CFRC are manifested mainly as: (i) fluctuations in resistivity with state changes of samples, such as the sample size, age and water content; (ii) flu
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