Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan
This book explores the relationship between state formation and political identities in the context of Sudan's conflict. Idris examines how hierarchy was historically constructed and politically institutionalized in the Sudan, acknowledging the centrality
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Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan
Amir H. Idris
CONFLICT AND POLITICS OF IDENTITY IN SUDAN
© Amir H. Idris, 2005.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-6939-2
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53122-6 DOI 10.1057/9781403981073
ISBN 978-1-4039-8107-3 (eBook)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Idris, Amir H., 1962– Conflict and politics of identity in Sudan / by Amir Idris. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Sudan—Politics and government—1985– 2. Political culture—Sudan. 3. Political violence—Sudan. 4. Citizenship— Sudan. 5. Nationalism—Sudan. 6. National characteristics, Sudanese. 7. Sudan—Colonial influence. 8. Slavery—Sudan. I.Title. JQ3981.A91I37 2005 962.4043—dc22
2005048683
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2005 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
C on t e n t s
Map of the Sudan
vi
Abbreviations and Acronyms
vii
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xiii
Introduction
1
Chapter 1 Reconceptualizing History, Identity, and Conflict
9
Chapter 2 Slavery, Colonialism, and State Formation in the Sudan
23
Chapter 3 Nationalism, State, and Identity Politics
43
Chapter 4 Exile, Identity, and Political Reform
57
Chapter 5 The Crisis in Darfur and the North–South Peace Process
77
Chapter 6 Beyond “Race” and “Ethnicity”: Toward a Transformative Discourse for Democratic Citizenship
93
Conclusion
109
Notes
113
Bibliography
127
Index
139
Sudan EGYPT
LIBYA
Dongola Port Sudan
Red Sea
Northern Kassala
CHAD Khartoum
Fashir
ERITREA Darfur
Madeni Kordofan White Nile
Blue Nile
ElObeid
Blue Nile
Malakal
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Upper Nile
ETHIOPIA
Bahr al-Ghazal Wau
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Jonglei Canal
Equatoria Juba
KENYA UGANDA
INTERNATIONAL BORDERS
JONGLEI CANAL
REGIONAL BORDERS
CITIES
Abbreviations and Acronyms
GOS IGAD JEM NDA NIF OAU/AU SANU SLA SLM SPLA SPLM
Government of the Sudan Inter-Governmental Authority on Development Justice and Equality Movement National Democratic Alliance National Islamic Front Organization of African Unity/African Union Sudan African National Union Sudan Liberation Army Sudan Liberation Movement Sudan People’s Liberation Army Sudan People’s Libe
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