Continuum Damage Mechanics A Continuum Mechanics Approach to the Ana
Recent developments in engineering and technology have brought about serious and enlarged demands for reliability, safety and economy in wide range of fields such as aeronautics, nuclear engineering, civil and structural engineering, automotive and produc
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SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 185
Series Editor:
G.M.L. GLADWELL Department of Civil Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3GI
Aims and Scope of the Series The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much? The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchers giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it relates to solids. The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics; statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies: vibrations of solids and structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental mechanics; biomechanics and machine design. The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defining the current state of the field; others are accessible to final year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6557
Sumio Murakami
Continuum Damage Mechanics A Continuum Mechanics Approach to the Analysis of Damage and Fracture
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Sumio Murakami Nagoya University Professor Emeritus 3-63-3 Hinata-cho, Mizuho-ku 467-0047 Nagoya Japan [email protected]
This book is based on an enlarged and revised version of the Japanese book of the same title printed by Morikita Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo. ISSN 0925-0042 ISBN 978-94-007-2665-9 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2666-6 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2666-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011942517 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
A half century has passed since Professor L. M. Kachanov, a Russian authority of nonlinear solid mechanics, proposed a quantitative notion of Damage in order to predict the brittle creep rupture time of metals for the first time. Then, together with Professor Y. N. Rabotnov, another authority in Russia in this field, he laid the basis of a new branch of Damage Mechanics or Continuum Damage Mechanics. Starting with metallic materials, the objective of damage mechanics research has been extended thereafter to concrete, geological materials, polymers, composites and other materials. T
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