Controllable fabrication and magnetic properties of Nd/Co core/shell nanowires
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Controllable fabrication and magnetic properties of Nd/Co core/shell nanowires Hongyan Li1 · Yunze Long2 · Xiaoxiong Wang2 · Guojun Song1 · Lichun Ma1 · Hui Xu1 · Xiaoru Li1 Received: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Ordered Nd/Co100 and Nd/Co200 core/shell nanowire arrays with lengths of ~ 10 μm and diameters of 100 nm and 200 nm were fabricated by two-step electrodeposition into anodic alumina oxide templates. Co-hcp phases were observed in the Nd/Co100 and Nd/Co200 nanowires. Hysteresis curves obtained from the Nd/Co100 and Nd/Co200 nanowires showed that the squareness ratio of the parallel nanowire long axis was greater than that of the perpendicular nanowire long axis. The magnetic properties indicated that the easy axis was parallel to the long axis. The coercivity and parallel squareness ratio in the Nd/Co200 nanowires were greater than those in the Nd/Co100 nanowires, which demonstrated that the Nd/Co200 nanowires exhibited hard magnetism behavior. Keywords Core/shell nanowires · AAO template · Magnetocrystalline anisotropy · Shape anisotropy · Magnetostatics interaction
Introduction Magnetic nanowires, including multilayered, alloyed and core/shell composite nanowires, have attracted much interest in recent years due to their attractive fundamental properties, multifunctionality and wide range of potential applications (Salgueiriño-Maceira and Correa-Duarte 2007; Kim et al. 2005). The dipolar interaction is difficult to investigate scientifically due to its long-range nature, which depends sensitively upon the arrangement of the magnetic entities (Wang et al. 2019). Magnetic core/shell nanowires make it possible to fix the geometric parameters to investigate the complex magnetic interaction, and have become increasingly favored over uniform nanoscale materials due to their emerging novel and exotic properties (Mejia-Lopez et al. 2019). Technologically, the magnetic parameters can * Xiaoru Li [email protected] 1
Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
School of Physical Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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be tuned by modifying the core or shell composition and geometric parameters to meet the requirements of various applications. Materials which form nanotubes can be used as shells, whether magnetic or non-magnetic, e.g. polymers (Li et al. 2016), carbon (Jiao et al. 1996), ferromagnetic metals (Li et al. 2010), and metal oxides (Ali et al. 2016). Core materials can also be magnetic or non-magnetic. In numerous experiments, researchers have broadly examined the dependence of the core/shell nanowires upon factors, such as fabrication procedure, crystal structure, size, shape, and composition. Core/shell nanowires are characterized by the combination of properties of each kind of materials; hence, these
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