Controllable photodynamic performance via an acidic microenvironment based on two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks f
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Controllable photodynamic performance via an acidic microenvironment based on two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks for photodynamic therapy Lifeng Hang1 (), Tao Zhang3,†, Hua Wen1, Lianbao Liang1, Wuming Li1, Xiaofen Ma1, and Guihua Jiang1,2 () 1
The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, China The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 518037, China 3 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China † Present address: School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore 2
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 17 July 2020 / Revised: 22 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020
ABSTRACT Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely-used technology for cancer therapy, but conventional photosensitizers still face some drawbacks, such as hydrophobicity, inadequate pharmacokinetics, low cell/tissue specificity, and uncontrollable photodynamic performance during the therapeutic process. Herein, we present a controllable photodynamic performance based on two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D Zn-TCPP MOF) that displayed a week PDT effect under a neutral environment upon exposure to a 660 nm laser due to the degeneracy of Q bands of TCPP. However, the 2D Zn-TCPP MOF showed a significantly enhanced PDT effect in an acidic environment under irradiation with a 660 nm laser due to the released TCPP from decomposed MOF structure. From the in vitro outcomes, the 2D Zn-TCPP MOF showed controllable photodynamic performance from neutral to acidic environments. Due to the acidic tumor microenvironment, the 2D Zn-TCPP MOF presented the strongest antitumor effect in vivo under irradiation with a 660 nm laser. This work offers a promising strategy to develop a next-generation photosensitizer.
KEYWORDS photodynamic therapy, metal-organic frameworks, tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyk) porphyrin, acidic environment
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Introduction
Minimally invasive photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a significant technological improvement that has been used as an alternative treatment to conventional radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy [1–5]. Photodynamic treatment requires molecular oxygen, photosensitizer (PS), and lights to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce tumor cell death [6–9]. However, PDT treatment still faces some PS-related hindrances that mainly result from its hydrophobicity, inadequate pharmacokinetics, low cell/tissue specificity as well as poor stability within environment [10]. These all limit its clinical applications. An ideal clinical PS should have the following conditions: (i) not aggregated in the buffer, (ii) be chemically stable, (iii) low systemic toxicity to normal structure, and (iv) only be toxic under an appropriate wavelength. Nanotechnology is one way to overcome the drawbacks of traditional PS and deliver the PS to a specified site and improve its therapeut
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