Controllable Source of Single Photons Based on a Micromaser with an Atomic Beam without Inversion
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Controllable Source of Single Photons Based on a Micromaser with an Atomic Beam without Inversion E. N. Popova, * and V. A. Reshetovb a
Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia b Togliatti State University, Togliatti, 445020 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 24, 2020; revised May 12, 2020; accepted May 12, 2020
A source of single rf photons based on a micromaser with pumping atoms without population inversion is considered. Inversion is absent because atoms in the upper and lower states alternately enter the cavity. The generation process is a continuous maintenance of the field inside the cavity in such a state that the number of photons in the pumped mode is equal to one. The field can be extracted from the cavity in a controlled manner so that the pump atoms stop transmitting energy to the cavity during the photon detection process. This effect allows reaching significant reduction of the probability of detecting correlated photon pairs and using the source in quantum computing and cryptography. In addition, fluctuations in the squeezed state of the rf field that are due to disordered alternation of atoms in the beam are simulated. DOI: 10.1134/S0021364020120127
Sources of squeezed states of the electromagnetic field play an important role in the theory and practice of quantum communications. If a group of atoms interact with a field mode in a squeezed state, the statistics of the absorbed photon counts may be nonPoisson and show the effects of grouping and antigrouping [1–3]. These phenomena are at the heart of quantum computing, cryptography, and other areas of nonclassical physics. Therefore, controlling quantum statistics of the electromagnetic field is one of the most complex and popular areas of modern physics. An example of a successful implementation of a controlled source is a single-atom laser that generates a weak field of several entangled photons in a cavity [4–7]. Other examples are a single-photon gun based on optical fibers with pronounced nonlinear properties [8–10] and semiconductor sources of single photons [11, 12]. Point sources of squeezed radiation are relevant not only for laser generation problems but also in ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy [13, 14]: various effects of quantum squeezing can be observed when recording luminescence of pairs of quantum dots on the surface of the studied sample. Numerous works [15–24] were devoted to generating a squeezed field using a single-atom micromaser and the results showed broad capabilities of this technology for preparing the field mode in a required state. For this reason, we chose the micromaser as the object of our theoretical research. In this work, we propose a new principle for pumping and extracting an rf field from the cavity of
a micromaser whose quantum statistics is close to the pure single-photon Fock state. For effective squeezing, we use a beam of atoms, some of which are at the lower energy level. They are needed to absorb thermal photons and squeeze the fie
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