Convergence of carbon intensity: a test on developed and developing countries
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WATER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND STATE OF THE ART TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Convergence of carbon intensity: a test on developed and developing countries Feng Wang 1 & Fang Yang 2
&
Lei Qi 1
Received: 4 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbon intensity refers to the carbon emission of per unit output generated by a country or a region. It shows the economic system’s close connection with carbon emission and its direct or indirect influence on environment. The carbon intensity curves of many countries visually show significant features of convergence. In order to strictly testify this phenomenon, this thesis chronologically defines convergence of carbon intensity and testifies it with endogenous growth model as theoretical basis. To realize the empirical test on convergence of carbon intensity, the author selects 24 countries as test samples and divides them into 3 groups, on which σ convergence test and cointegration test are conducted. Test result shows that convergence of carbon intensity exists in countries with high or medium high income, while countries with medium or low income shows insignificant convergence tendency in carbon intensity. Besides, σ convergence test demonstrates the time and degree ranking of convergence of carbon intensity of the 3 groups, which provides a concrete referential standard for countries to analyze and control changes in carbon intensity. Keywords Carbon intensity . σ convergence test . Cointegration test
Introduction According to the jointly completed Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC 2013, 2014a, b, c) by more than 830 experts from different disciplines and more than 3600 reviewers worldwide under the leadership of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an upward trend, driven by economic and population growth, has been shown in the emission of greenhouse gases since the ear of industrialization, which results in an unprecedented high level of the concentrations of major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the past 800,000 years at least. The increasing concentrations of
Responsible editor: Muhammad Shahbaz * Fang Yang [email protected] 1
School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
2
Graduate Institute for Taiwan Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
greenhouse gases are more likely to be identified as the main cause of global warming since the mid-twentieth century. In order to cope with the climate change and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, China has made a sustained and earnest effort. In the current context of global carbon game, China, in 2009, formulates the quantitative action targets for controlling the emission of greenhouse gases for the first time that carbon emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by 40–45% by 2020 compared with 2005. In an attempt to further control greenhouse gas emissions and pave the way for a new climate agreement reached at the Paris Climate Conference, China submitted Strengthening Action to Fight
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