Conversion of Waste Biomass into Gaseous Fuel: Present Status and Challenges in India
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Conversion of Waste Biomass into Gaseous Fuel: Present Status and Challenges in India Ravi Kant Bhatia 1 & Govindarajan Ramadoss 2 & Amit Kumar Jain 3 & Rakesh Kumar Dhiman 4 & Shashi Kant Bhatia 5 & Arvind Kumar Bhatt 1,4
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract India is a rapidly growing country and this created pressure on its natural resources. During its growth and development, different types of wastes are produced through agricultural, industrial, and anthropogenic activities besides increase in energy demand to keep its pace of growth to become a developed nation. Various strategies like landfill, incineration, gasification, and anaerobic digestion (AD) are available to treat as well as to produce energy from the wastes. Production of biogas through AD is one of the best available options due to low energy requirement and eco-friendly nature as compared with other methods. In India, waste to the energy sector may project to a market size of 14 billion ~USD by 2025 with an annual increase of around 7%. In order to capture this untapped source of energy scientific management of waste along with Government policies, schemes and incentives for waste management, renewable energy, agriculture, etc. and their implementations are crucial cornerstones for the promotion of biogas technology and to get renewable energy on sustainable basis. But still a number of challenges are being faced by its stakeholders in India to transform wastes into energy and to secure a clean and green future. Production process of gaseous fuels, management of wastes, its logistics, and recent advancements in Govt. policies and schemes are being discussed in this review article that may help its stakeholders to make India self-reliance in renewable energy along with sustainable growth and development. Keywords Anaerobic digestion . Biogas . Cost economics . Stakeholders . Policies . Challenges
Introduction Growing population and rapid urbanization brings various environmental issues to India besides generating huge amount
of waste. At the same time, India is also facing fuel crisis due to its dependency on Gulf countries to fulfil the ever increasing energy demand to maintain its pace of growth [1]. Every year, developing countries like India produce a huge amount
Highlights • Evaluation of different wastes to biogas potential and management logistics • Present status of various gaseous fuels, their applications and future scope in India • Government initiatives, policies, and schemes of waste to energy in India • Perception and attitude of various stakeholders towards biogas technology • In depth study of various intermittent challenges in the way of waste to energy potential in India Shashi Kant Bhatia is a co-first author. * Arvind Kumar Bhatt [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, HP 171005, India
2
School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TN 613401, India
3
CMD BijSon Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
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