Copper Nanoparticles Mitigate the Growth, Immunity, and Oxidation Resistance in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio )
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Copper Nanoparticles Mitigate the Growth, Immunity, and Oxidation Resistance in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Mahmoud A. O. Dawood 1 & Nabil M. Eweedah 1 & Eman Moustafa Moustafa 2 & Mohamed E. El-Sharawy 1 & Ali A. Soliman 3 & Asem A. Amer 4 & Mesbah Hagag Atia 1 Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 30 January 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) on the growth, immunity, and oxidation resistance of common carp (3.02 ± 0.01 g, initial mean weight ± S.E.). Five groups of fish fed diets with Cu-NPs at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The results suggested that Cu-NPs in diets increased the growth performance and reduced FCR with linear and quadratic model (P < 0.05). Also, common carp fed Cu-NPs showed increased carcass protein, lipid, and ash contents in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The Cu accumulation in the carcass, liver, muscle, and gills increased by CuNPs and showed the maximum at 4 mg Cu-NPs/kg (P < 0.05). No significant alterations were found in the blood variables due to Cu-NP supplementation except for the Hb, RBCs, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels which showed the highest level in 2 mg/kg (P < 0.05). IgM level, phagocytic, lysozyme, SOD, CAT, and GPX activities were boosted by Cu-NPs with decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). Based on regression analysis, the requirement of dietary Cu-NPs for common carp was estimated to be 2.19 to 2.91 mg/kg diet. Keywords Copper nanoparticles . Common carp . Bioaccumulation . Immunity . Antioxidant
Introduction The worldwide spread aquaculture serving as a vibrant sector has significantly influenced people’s life due to its substantial contribution to high-protein and nutritious food [1, 2]. As a widespread candidate for aquaculture, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is of high value due to its delicacy and superiority as food fish for consumers around the globe [3, 4]. Although there is a plethora of data about the nutritional
* Mahmoud A. O. Dawood [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
2
Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
3
Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
4
Abbassa, Sharkia, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research,, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
requirements for this species has been reported, still, no studies on the copper requirements especially in its nanoform [5]. Copper (Cu), one of the trace elements, playing an important role in growth, reproduction endocrine, oxidation resistance, hematopoiesis, and immunity [6–8]. Cu is also essential in several biological functions such as the synthesis of hemoglobin, formation of bone, maintenance of myelin within t
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