Influence of Lead on Reproductive Physiology and Gonad and Liver Histology of Female Cyprinus carpio
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Influence of Lead on Reproductive Physiology and Gonad and Liver Histology of Female Cyprinus carpio Cengiz Korkmaz 1
&
Özcan Ay 1
&
Ahmet Erdem Dönmez 1
&
Burcu Demirbağ 2 & Cahit Erdem 3
Received: 8 July 2019 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Sera 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestesteron (11-KT) and 17,20-β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) levels together with histological changes in liver and gonad tissues were determined after exposing sexually mature female C.carpio to 0.13 and 0.26 mg L− 1 lead for 7, 14 and 21 days. Effects of lead on hepatosomatic - gonadosomatic indices of female fish were also determined after these exposure periods. No statistically significant differences were found between the E2, 11-KT and 17,20βP levels of control and lead exposed fish at the exposure periods tested. GSI values increased after exposure to high levels of Pb for 14 days and HSI values decreased after exposure to high levels of Pb after 7 and 21 days. Histopathological inspection showed dilatation in bile ducts and sinusoids, central vein congestions and pigment accumulation. Moreover melanomacrophage centres were determined in the centre of liver parenchyma on day 21. No distinct pathology was observable in ovary tissues compared to controls. No endocrine disrupted characteristic, widespread pathologic disruption and effect on ovary tissues were detected in female C.carpio exposed to the mentioned concentrations of Pb at the periods studied. Keywords 17β-estradiol . 11-ketotestesteron . 17,20βP . Cyprinus carpio . Lead . Histopathology
Introduction Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were defined as “substances that have negative effects on health by disrupting endocrine system of an organism or sub-populations of that organism” by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2002 (Goksøyr 2006). Effects of EDCs can be grouped under three headings; 1- Show agonistic/antagonistic effects (hormone imitators), 2- Effects that disrupts production, transportation, metabolism or secretion of natural hormones, 3- Effects that disrupt production or functioning of hormone receptors (Dawson 2000; Rotchell and Ostrander 2003). It is known that EDCs increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and this leads to damages in DNA, protein and lipid production of target cells (Maqbool et al. 2016). Cytochrome * Cengiz Korkmaz [email protected] 1
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
2
Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33110 Mersin, Turkey
3
Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
P450 (CYP450) has a fundamental role in steroid hormone synthesis and it is well known that EDCs inhibit the activity of CYP450 and CYP1A1 and aromatase in several fish species (Fent and Stegeman 1991). Moreover, EDCs are known to interfere with the synthesis of some fatty acids, valproic acid and MAA (methoxyacetic
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